资源描述：
《electroporation protocols for microorganisms_0896033104》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、CHAPTER1ElectroporationTheoryConceptsandMechanismsJamesC.Weaver1.IntroductionApplicationofstrongelectricfieldpulsestocellsandtissueisknowntocausesometypeofstructuralrearrangementofthecellmembrane.Significantprogresshasbeenmadebyadoptingthehypothesisthatsomeoftheserearrangementsconsistof
2、temporaryaqueouspathways(“pores”),withtheelectricfieldplayingthedualroleofcausingporeformationandprovidingalocaldrivingforceforionicandmoleculartransportthroughthepores.IntroductionofDNAintocellsinvitroisnowthemostcommonapplication.Withimagination,however,manyotherusesseemlikely.Forexam
3、ple,invitroelectroporationhasbeenusedtointroduceintocellsenzymes,antibodies,andotherbiochemicalreagentsforintracellularassays;toloadlargercellspreferentiallywithmoleculesinthepresenceofmanysmallercells;tointroduceparticlesintocells,includingviruses;tokillcellspurposefullyunderotherwisem
4、ildconditions;andtoinsertmembranemacromoleculesintothecellmembraneitself.Onlyrecentlyhastheexplorationofinvivoelectroporationforusewithintacttissuebegun.Severalpossibleapplicationshavebeenidenti-fied,viz.combinedelectroporationandanticancerdrugsforimprovedsolidtumorchemotherapy,localize
5、dgenetherapy,transdermaldrugdelivery,andnoninvasiveextractionofanalytesforbiochemicalassays.Thepresentviewisthatelectroporationisauniversalbilayermem-branephenomenon(I-7).Short(pstoms)electricfieldpulsesthatcauseFrom*MethodsinMolecularWology,Vol47’ElectroporatronProtocolsforMicroorganis
6、msEditedby:J.A.NickoloffHumanaPressInc.,Totowa,NJ12Weaverthetransmembranevoltage,U(t),torisetoaboutOS-l.0Vcauseelec-troporation.Forisolatedcells,thenecessarysingleelectricfieldpulseamplitudeisintherangeof10s-lo4V/cm,withthevaluedependingoncellsize.Reversibleelectricalbreakdown(REB)theno
7、ccursandisaccom-paniedbygreatlyenhancedtransportofmoleculesacrossthemembrane.REBalsoresultsinarapidmembranedischarge,withU(t)returningtosmallvaluesafterthepulseends.Membranerecoveryisoftenordersofmagnitudeslower.Cellstressprobablyoccursbecauseofrelativelynon-specificchemicalexc
