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1、Publishedin2011byBritannicaEducationalPublishing(atrademarkofEncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.)inassociationwithRosenEducationalServices,LLC29East21stStreet,NewYork,NY10010.Copyright©2011EncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.Britannica,EncyclopædiaBritannica,andtheThistlelogoareregisteredtrademarksofEnc
2、yclopædiaBritannica,Inc.Allrightsreserved.RosenEducationalServicesmaterialscopyright©2011RosenEducationalServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.DistributedexclusivelybyRosenEducationalServices.ForalistingofadditionalBritannicaEducationalPublishingtitles,calltollfree(800)237-9932.FirstEditionBri
3、tannicaEducationalPublishingMichaelI.Levy:ExecutiveEditorJ.E.Luebering:SeniorManagerMarilynL.Barton:SeniorCoordinator,ProductionControlStevenBosco:Director,EditorialTechnologiesLisaS.Braucher:SeniorProducerandDataEditorYvetteCharboneau:SeniorCopyEditorKathyNakamura:Manager,MediaAcquisit
4、ionKaraRogers:SeniorEditor,BiomedicalSciencesRosenEducationalServicesAlexandraHanson-Harding:EditorNelsonSá:ArtDirectorCindyReiman:PhotographyManagerMatthewCauli:CoverDesignIntroductionbyJenniferCapuzzoLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataBacteriaandViruses/editedbyKaraRogers.p
5、.cm.—(Biochemistry,cells,andlife)“InassociationwithBritannicaEducationalPublishing,RosenEducationalServices.”Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-1-61530-376-2(eBook)1.Bacteria—Popularworks.2.Viruses—Popularworks.I.Rogers,Kara.II.Series:Biochemistry,cells,andlife.[DNLM:1.Ba
6、cteria.2.Viruses.QW50B1312011]QR56.B232011579.3—dc222010016750Cover:Thisimageshowsthesinglecelledprokaryotesknownasbacteria.Shutterstock.comOnpagex:Dr.WilliamOwen(left)treatsavictimofcholerain1966.DickSwanson/Time&LifePictures/GettyImagesOnpages1,32,74,117,136,168,205,207,209:Petridishe
7、scontainingbacteria.©www.istockphoto.com/LindeStewartCONTENTSIntroductionx4chapter1:bacterialmorphologyandreproduction1BacteriaasProkaryotes3DiversityofStructureofBacteria6CarlWoese7MorphologicalFeaturesofBacteria10TheGramStain11TheCellEnvelope13CapsulesandSlimeLayers16Flagella
