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1、TheCossacksTolstoy,LevNikolayevichPublished:1863Type(s):NovelsSource:http://gutenberg.org1AboutTolstoy:CountLevNikolayevichTolstoy,commonlyreferredtoinEnglishasLeoTolstoy,wasaRussiannovelist,writer,essayist,philosopher,Chris-tiananarchist,pacifist,educati
2、onalreformer,moralthinker,andaninflu-entialmemberoftheTolstoyfamily.AsafictionwriterTolstoyiswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatestofallnovelists,particularlynotedforhismasterpiecesWarandPeaceandAnnaKarenina;intheirscope,breadthandrealisticdepictionofRussianlif
3、e,thetwobooksstandatthepeakofrealisticfiction.AsamoralphilosopherhewasnotableforhisideasonnonviolentresistancethroughhisworkTheKingdomofGodisWithinYou,whichinturninfluencedsuchtwentieth-centuryfiguresasMohan-dasK.GandhiandMartinLutherKing,Jr.Source:Wikipe
4、dia2Chapter1AllisquietinMoscow.Thesqueakofwheelsisseldomheardinthesnow-coveredstreet.Therearenolightsleftinthewindowsandthestreetlampshavebeenextinguished.Onlythesoundofbells,borneoverthecityfromthechurchtowers,suggeststheapproachofmorning.Thestreetsarede
5、serted.Atrareintervalsanight-cabman'ssledgekneadsupthesnowandsandinthestreetasthedrivermakeshiswaytoanothercornerwherehefallsasleepwhilewaitingforafare.Anoldwomanpassesbyonherwaytochurch,whereafewwaxcandlesburnwitharedlightreflectedonthegiltmountingsofthe
6、icons.Workmenarealreadygettingupafterthelongwinternightandgoingtotheirwork—butforthegentlefolkitisstillevening.FromawindowinChevalier'sRestaurantalight—illegalatthathour—isstilltobeseenthroughachinkintheshutter.Attheentranceacarriage,asledge,andacabman'ss
7、ledge,standclosetogetherwiththeirbackstothecurbstone.Athree-horsesledgefromthepost-stationistherealso.Ayard-portermuffledupandpinchedwithcoldisshelteringbehindthecornerofthehouse.'Andwhat'sthegoodofallthisjawing?'thinksthefootmanwhositsinthehallwearyandha
8、ggard.'ThisalwayshappenswhenI'monduty.'Fromtheadjoiningroomareheardthevoicesofthreeyoungmen,sittingthereatatableonwhicharewineandtheremainsofsupper.One,aratherplain,thin,neatlittleman,sitslookingwithtiredkindlyeyesa
