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1、全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码:00595I.CAREFULREADINGReadthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswerandwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.(40points,2pointseach)Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcan
2、alsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes(运动员).Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescri
3、bedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocia
4、lskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindaflaw(缺陷)inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthat
5、youthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagam
6、e,manyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters'performances.Positivereinforcement(加强)shouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighleve
7、lsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.1.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis______.A.toreducetheirmentalstressB.topointouttheirshortcomingsC.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccessD.tomakesportsmorechallenging2.Accordingtothepassage,thesportsettingispositiveforyoungpeople
8、inthat______.A.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesB.ithelpsthemlearnmoreaboutschoollifeC.itprovidesthe
