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1、PhaseTransitionsandRenormalizationGroupThispageintentionallyleftblankPhaseTransitionsandRenormalizationGroupJeanZinn-JustinDapnia,CEA/Saclay,FranceandInstitutdeMath´ematiquesdeJussieu-Chevaleret,Universit´edeParisVII13GreatClarendonStreet,OxfordOX26DPOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmento
2、ftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazi
3、lChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYorkcJeanZinn-J
4、ustin2007ThemoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker)Firstpublished2007Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,o
5、rasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumusti
6、mposethesameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailablePrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperbyBiddlesLtd.,www.biddles.co.ukISBN978–0–19–922719–8(Hbk)13579108642PrefaceQuantumfieldtheoryisatthebasi
7、sofanotablepartofthetheoreticaldevelopmentsoftwentiethcenturyphysics.Themodelthatdescribesallfundamentalinteractions,apartfromgravitation,atthemicroscopicscale,isaquantumfieldtheory.Perhapsmoresurprisingly,quantumfieldtheoryhasalsoledtoacompleteunderstandingofthesingularmacroscopicprop