healey r. gauging whats real the conceptual foundations of gauge theories

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1、GaugingWhat’sRealThispageintentionallyleftblankGaugingWhat’sRealTheConceptualFoundationsofContemporaryGaugeTheoriesRichardHealey11GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford26OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarshi

2、p,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaS

3、witzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYorkRichardHealey2007ThemoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker)First

4、published2007Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.Enq

5、uiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableLibraryofCo

6、ngressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableTypesetbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,IndiaPrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperbyBiddlesLtd,King’sLynn,NorfolkISBN978–0–19–928796–310987654321ContentsPrefaceixAcknowledgementsxiiiIntroductionxv1.Whatisagaugetheory?11.1Classicalelectromag

7、netism:aparadigmgaugetheory31.2Afiberbundleformulation71.2.1Electromagneticinteractionsofquantumparticles141.2.2Electromagneticinteractionsofmatterfields182.TheAharonov–Bohmeffect212.1Fiberbundles262.2Agauge-invariant,localexplanation?312.3GeometryandtopologyintheAharonov–B