[石墨烯,凝聚态物理和qed间的新桥梁]

《[石墨烯,凝聚态物理和qed间的新桥梁]》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、Graphene:newbridgebetweencondensedmatterphysicsandquantumelectrodynamicsM.I.Katsnelson1andK.S.Novoselov21InstituteforMoleculesandMaterials,RadboudUniversityNijmegen,6525EDNijmegen,TheNetherlands2ManchesterCentreforMesoscienceandNanotechnology,UniversityofMa

2、nchester,ManchesterM139PL,UKAbstractGrapheneisthefirstexampleoftrulytwo-dimensionalcrystals-it’sjustonelayerofcarbonatoms.Itturnsouttobeagaplesssemiconductorwithuniqueelectronicpropertiesresultingfromthefactthatchargecarriersingraphenedemonstratecharge-conju

3、gationsymmetrybetweenelec-tronsandholesandpossessaninternaldegreeoffreedomsimilarto“chirality”forultrarelativisticelementaryparticles.Itprovidesunexpectedbridgebetweencondensedmatterphysicsandquan-tumelectrodynamics(QED).Inparticular,therelativisticZitterbe

4、wegungleadstotheminimumconductivityoforderofconductancequantume2/hinthelimitofzerodoping;theconceptofKleinparadox(tunnelingofrelativisticparticles)providesanessentialinsightintoelectronprop-agationthroughpotentialbarriers;vacuumpolarizationaroundchargeimpur

5、itiesisessentialforunderstandingofhighelectronmobilityingraphene;indextheoremexplainsanomalousquantumHalleffect.arXiv:cond-mat/0703374v114Mar2007Keywords:Graphene;TransportProperties;ElectronMobility;ScatteringProcesses;QuantumHallEffect;IndexTheorem;MinimalC

6、onductivity;Tunneling;KleinParadox;Zitterbewegung.1IntroductionThevarietyofcrystallographicformsofcarbonplacesthiselementintothefocusofattentionbothintermsofbasicresearchaswellasapplications.Thetree-dimensionalcrystallographicforms-graphiteanddiamond-arekno

7、wnfromtheancienttimes,andarewidelyusedinindustrialapplications.Recentlydiscoveredzero-dimensional(fullerenesorcagemolecules1,2,3)andone-dimensional(carbonnanotubes4)formsarenowextensivelystudiedduetoits’remarkableand,often,uniquemechanicalandelectronicprope

8、rties.Atthesametime,despiteveryintensiveresearchinthearea,noanytwo-dimensionalformofcarbonhasbeenknownuntilveryrecently.Ironically,thiselusivetwo-dimensionalform(dubbedgraphene),is,probably,thebesttheo