交通建筑工程专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献

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1、..土木工程学院交通工程专业中英文翻译RoadDesign专业：交通工程资料..英文原文TheBasicsofaGoodRoadWehaveknownhowtobuildgoodroadsforalongtime.ArchaeologistshavefoundancientEgyptianroadsthatcarriedblockstothepyramidsin4600BCE.Later,theRomansbuiltanextensiveroadsystem,usingthesameprinciplesweusetoday.Someofthes

2、eroadsarestillinservice.Ifyoufollowthebasicconceptsofroadbuilding,youwillcreatearoadthatwilllast.Thetencommandmentsofagoodroadare:（1）Getwaterawayfromtheroad（2）Buildonafirmfoundation（3）Usethebestmaterials（4）Compactalllayersproperly（5）Designfortrafficloadsandvolumes（6）Designfo

3、rmaintenance（7）Paveonlywhenready（8）Buildfromthebottomup（9）Protectyourinvestment（10）Keepgoodrecords1．GetwaterawayfromtheroadWecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceofgooddrainage.Engineersestimatethatatleast90%ofaroad’sproblemscanberelatedtoexcesswaterortopoorwaterdrainage.Toomuchwa

4、terinanylayerofaroad’sstructurecanweakenthatlayer,leadingtofailure.Inthesurfacelayer,watercancausecracksandpotholes.Inlowerlayersitunderminessupport,causingcracksandpotholes.Acommonsignofwaterinanasphaltroadsurfaceisalligatorcracking—aninterconnectedpatternofcracksformingsma

5、llirregularshapedpiecesthatlooklikealligatorskin.Edgecracking,frostheaves,andspringbreakupofpavementsalsopointtomoistureproblems.Topreventtheseproblemsrememberthatwater:•flowsdownhill•needstoflowsomeplace•isaproblemifitisnotflowingEffectivedrainagesystemsdivert,drainanddispo

6、seofwater.Todothistheyuseinterceptorditchesandslopes,roadcrowns,andditchandculvertsystems.Divert—Interceptorditches,locatedbetweentheroadandhighergroundalongtheroad,keepthewaterfromreachingtheroadway.Theseditchesmustslopesotheycarrywaterawayfromtheroad.Drain—Creatingacrownin

7、theroadsoitishigheralongthecenterlinethanattheedgesencourageswatertoflowofftheroad.Typicallyapavedcrownshouldbe14"higherthantheshoulderforeachfootofwidthfromthecenterlinetotheedge.Forgravelsurfacesthecrownshouldbe12"higherperfootofwidth.Forthisflowpathtowork,theroadsurfacemu

8、stberelatively资料..watertight.Roadshouldersalsomustbeslopedawayfromtheroadto