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1、2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（28）PassageThirty-one(TheCausesofEuropeanSeparationin16thCentury) Forathousandyearsandmore,thepeopleofEuropehadfoughtaboutmanythings,buttheyhadbeenunitedinbelievingonething:thatthereexistedasingle“Holy,CatholicandApostolicChurch”ofwhichtheBishopofRome,underthetitleo
2、fthePope,wasthevisibleandrecognizableheadinsuccessiontoSt.Peter.Butin1517aGermanmonk,MartinLuther,challengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.Othershadfollowedhim,includingHenryVIII. ThusEuropewasdividedineverywhichway,thesouthernandeasterntwo-thirdsstillCat
3、holic,thenorthernandwesternone-thirdwhatwascomingtobecalledProtestant,thoughEnglish-ruledIrelandsolidlyCatholicandtheSpanish-ruledNetherlands,particularlythenorthernpartapproximatingtomodernHolland,grewincreasinglyProtestant;whileinvirtuallyeverycountry,whetherofficiallyCatholicorProt
4、estant,thoseofthecontraryfaithfiercelyattemptedtoconverttheirneighborsandequallyfiercelyresistedtheirneighbor’sattemptstoconvertthem.Forthistherewasnosimple,friendlysolutiontobereachedontheprincipleoflive-and-let-live.Eachpartybelievedthatithadholdofthetruth,theonlytruththatmattered,t
5、heonethatledtoeternalsalvation,anditsadversariesclungtofalsehoodwhichmustnecessarilyheadtoeternaldamnation:notonlyforthemselvesbutforallwhoshouldpermitthemtosurviveandinfectotherswiththeirerrors.Toleration,evenreasonablediscussion,wasimpossible.Godandthedevilcouldnotmix.JustasElizabet
6、hwastoardentCatholicsthatJezebel,sotoearnestProtestantsthePopewas“thatwolfishbloodsucker,”andtheirCatholicfellow-creaturesmaddogs,toadsandothersuchvermintobecleansedoffthefaceoftheearth.Thesefeelings,dangerousenoughinthemselves,weremademoresobyquestionsofgeographyandmoney.TheCatholicc
7、ountriesborderingontheMediterraneanwerebyfartherichest.FromthebeginningoftheMiddleAgestheRepublicofVenicehadcontrolledthetraderoutestotheEast,bringingthewarescarriedoutofPersia,ChinaandtheIndiesbycameltoherdepotsinSyriaandreloadingtheminherhigh,gorgeouslypaintedvesselsfortransshipment
8、toIta
