美国医药发展史

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1、Inthisreport,whichisfocusonanalyzingthedevelopmentandthecurrentsituationofthepharmaceuticalindustryintheUnitedStatesbasedonstrategicmanagementperspective.U.S.isstillleadingtheworld'sbiggestmarketofpharmaceuticalsandhasthemostadvancedtechnologyofproducingbio-pharmaceuticaldrugsinthew

2、orldwideindustry.HistoryThedevelopmenthistoryofpharmaceuticalindustryshouldbeconcernedintermsofanalyzinganddiagnosingthewholeindustry.DuringtheWorldWarI,thepharmaceuticalindustryboomedbecausealargeamountofdrugsfromGermanywerepatentedandallowedtobeproducedintheU.S..AfterTheWorldWarI,

3、thedoorofthepharmaceuticalindustrywasopened.WhentheWorldWarIIstarted,pharmaceuticalcompaniescooperatedwithgovernmenttoprovidedrugstothemilitaryandtherewasnodoubtthatitwouldstimulatethedevelopmentofpharmaceuticalindustry.Therewerealotofnewdrugsandinnovationsappeared.Forexample,dyestu

4、ffswerefoundtobeusedasantisepticandPenicillinwasasignificantdiscoveryinthewholeemergentindustry.AfterWorldWarII,pharmaceuticalcompaniesexpandedbusinessscaleandoperationscopeandachievedthestrategyofrapidexpansioninhealthcareindustry.From1946・1950,thousandsofnewdrugsandbiologiesdrugsw

5、ereapprovedbyFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)andResearchandDevelopment(R&D)becamefirmlyestablishedwithinthesector.From1954-1970period,therateofreturnoninvestmentofnewdrugswas21%whichbenefitedfromthepermanentpatentprotectionandincreasinginvestmententhusiasm.In1980,RonaldReaganbecamethe

6、Presidentandthegovernmentencouragedtodeveloppharmaceuticalindustryenergetically.AlotofpoliciesinfluencedtheindustrysuchasBayh-DoleActandStevenson-WydlerAct.In1990,withtheeconomydecliningandtheexpenditureofhealthindustryraising,pharmaceuticalcompanieshadtofaceproblemdofpurchasingpowe

7、rdecline.Thewholeindustrywasunderstresstodelivergenuineproductinnovation.Entering2000,biotechdrugswerebecomingmoreandmorepopularevenifitwasproducedinaharderway.KennethI.Kaitin(2004)statedthat:"Businessasusualisnolongeranoptionwhenitcomestodevelopingnewprescriptiondrugs.Pharmaceutica

8、landbio-pharmaceuti