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1、翻译李晓静环科1311304200028随着我国核电发展方针由“适度发展”调整为“积极发展二我国核电建设将进入快车道。根据新能源发展规划的数据,未来10年,全国核电装机复合增长率将达15%,远高于全国电力总装机约5%的复合增长率。到2020年,我国核电装机容量将达到8000万kW,届时我国天然铀(U)的年需要量将达到70001以上。可以预见,伴随我国核电事业的跨越式发展,铀的需求激增,铀矿山勘探、开采冶炼的规模和力度也随Z极大提高。然而,由此产生的巨量铀尾矿也给当地环境带来潜在的危害及安全隐患。由于铀兼具重金属化学毒性与辐射危害,1
2、ig天然铀的放射性相当于24.79mBq,在自然堆放过
3、程中不仅会产生氮污染问题⑷,也可能在降水条件下使铀尾矿中的残余铀释放到环境中。我国在铀矿石的浸出研究方而开展了大量工作,多旨在为了提高冶炼技术与效率。在尾矿的生态效应方面,国内外也有不少工作在开展,其屮不乏关于固废屮金属迁移性方面的研究。然而,针对铀尾矿的生态环境效应的浸出研究鲜见报道。铀尾矿在长时间的自然堆放中,尤其是在自然风化及雨水的作用下,残留的铀究竞能否再次析出释放到环境中,且以何种形态释放,关乎环境安全与公众健康,止是本研究所努力探讨的两个内容。WiththedevelopmentofChina'snuclearpowerpolicychangedfrom"moderatede
4、velopment"to"positivedevelopment"ftheconstructionofnuclearpowerinChinawillenterthefastlane.Accordingtodatafromnewenergy?developmentplan,thenext10years,thenationalnuclearpowerinstalledcompoundgrowthrateof15%,farhigherthanthenationalelectricpowergeneratingcompoundgrowthrateofabout5%.By2020,China'sn
5、uclearpowerinstalledcapacitywillreach80millionkW,whenChina'snaturaluranium(U)annualrequirementwillreachmorethan7000tons.Predictably,alongwiththeleapfrogdevelopmentofthenuclearpowerinChina,thesurgeindemandofuranium,thescaleoftheuraniummineexploration,mining,smeltingandstrengthhasbeengreatlyimprove
6、d.However,thehugeamountofuraniumtailingsresultinglocalenvironmenthutalsotothepotentialhazardsandsafetyrisks.Sinceuraniumhaschemicaltoxicityofheavymetalsandradiationhazard,radioactivelgofnaturaluraniumequivalent24.79mBq,notonlyproducesintheprocessofnaturalstackedradonpollution,mayunderthecondition
7、oftheprecipitationofuraniumtailingsresidualuraniumreleasedintotheenvironment.Ourresearchintheleachingofuraniumoredonealotofwork,muchaimedtoimprovesmeltingtechnologyandefficiency・Intermsoftheecologicalejfectoftailings,therearemanyworkscarriedoutinbothathomeandabroad,thereisnolackofamongthemaboutme
8、talmigrationinsolidwaste・However,theecologicalenvironmenteffectsofleachingresearchforuraniumtailingsrarelyreported.Uraniumtailingsinnaturalpiledupforalongtime,especiallyundertheeffectofnaturalweatheringandrain,residual