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1、EntropyDemystifiedTheSecondLawReducedtoPlainCommonSensewithSevenSimulatedGamesEXPANDEDEDITION6916tp.indd14/18/083:41:07PMMarch27,200810:29SPI-B629EntropyDemystifiedfmThispageintentionallyleftblankEntropyDemystifiedTheSecondLawReducedtoPlainCommonSensewithSevenSimulatedGamesEXPANDEDE
2、DITIONAriehBen-NaimTheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,IsraelWorldScientificNEWJERSEY•LONDON•SINGAPORE•BEIJING•SHANGHAI•HONGKONG•TAIPEI•CHENNAI6916tp.indd24/18/083:41:07PMPublishedbyWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.5TohTuckLink,Singapore596224USAoffice:27WarrenStreet,Suite401-402,Hac
3、kensack,NJ07601UKoffice:57SheltonStreet,CoventGarden,LondonWC2H9HEBritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.ENTROPYDEMYSTIFIEDTheSecondLawReducedtoPlainCommonSensewithSevenSimulatedGamesExpandedEditionCopyright©2008byWor
4、ldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Thisbook,orpartsthereof,maynotbereproducedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingoranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemnowknownortobeinvented,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher.Forphoto
5、copyingofmaterialinthisvolume,pleasepayacopyingfeethroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,USA.Inthiscasepermissiontophotocopyisnotrequiredfromthepublisher.ISBN-13978-981-283-225-2(pbk)ISBN-10981-283-225-4(pbk)TypesetbyStallionPressEmail:enquiries@st
6、allionpress.comPrintedinSingapore.SC-EntropyDemystified(Expanded).pmd17/23/2008,7:09PMMarch27,200810:29SPI-B629EntropyDemystifiedfmThisbookisdedicatedtoLudwigBoltzmannPicturetakenbytheauthor,inVienna,September1978.March27,200810:29SPI-B629EntropyDemystifiedfmThispageintentionallyleft
7、blankMarch27,200810:29SPI-B629EntropyDemystifiedfmThispageintentionallyleftblankMarch27,200810:29SPI-B629EntropyDemystifiedfmThispageintentionallyleftblankMarch27,200810:29SPI-B629EntropyDemystifiedfmPrefaceEversinceIheardtheword“entropy”forthefirsttime,Iwasfascinatedwithitsmysteriousn
8、ature.Ivividlyrecallmyfirst