物理学哲学：时间与空间

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1、PhilosophyofPhysicsPRINCETONFOUNDATIONSOFCONTEMPORARYPHILOSOPHYScottSoames,SeriesEditorPhilosophicalLogicbyJOHNP.BURGESSPhilosophyofLanguagebySCOTTSOAMESPhilosophyofLawbyANDREIMARMORTruthbyALEXISG.BURGESS&JOHNP.BURGESSPHILOSOPHYOFPHYSICSSpaceandTimeTimMaudlinPRINCETONUNIVERSI

2、TYPRESSPRINCETONANDOXFORDCopyright©2012byPrincetonUniversityPressPublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet,Princeton,NewJersey08540IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress,6OxfordStreet,Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201TWpress.princeton.eduAllRightsReservedLibraryofCong

3、ressCataloging-in-PublicationDataMaudlin,Tim.Philosophyofphysics:spaceandtime/TimMaudlin.p.em.-(Princetonfoundationsofcontemporaryphilosophy)Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-691-14309-5(alk.paper)1.Spaceandtime.I.Title.BD632.M382012530.11-dc232012005618Brit

4、ishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailableThisbookhasbeencomposedinMinionPro&ArcherPrintedonacid-freepaper.ooPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica10987654321TothememoryofRobertWeingard,seekerofthewaysoftheuniverseContentsAcknowledgmentsixIntroduction:TheAimandStructureofT

5、heseVolumesx1CHAPTERONEClassicalAccountsofSpaceandTime1TheBirthofPhysics1Newton'sFirstLawandAbsoluteSpace4AbsoluteTimeandthePersistenceofAbsoluteSpace9TheMetaphysicsofAbsoluteSpaceandTime12CHAPTERTWOEvidenceforSpatialandTemporalStructure17Newton'sSecondLawandtheBucketExperime

6、nt17Arithmetic,Geometry,andCoordinates24TheSymmetriesofSpaceandtheLeibniz-ClarkeDebate34CHAPTERTHREEEliminatingUnobservableStructure47AbsoluteVelocityandGalileanRelativity47GalileanSpace-Time54CHAPTERFOURSpecialRelativity67SpecialRelativityandMinkowskiSpace-Time67TheTwinsPara

7、dox77MinkowskiStraightedge,MinkowskiCompass83ConstructingLorentzCoordinates87CHAPTERFIVEThePhysicsofMeasurement106TheClockHypothesis106AbstractBoostsandPhysicalBoosts114The"ConstancyoftheSpeedofLight"120DeeperAccountsofPhysicalPrinciples124ContentsCHAPTERSIXGeneralRelativity1

8、26CurvedSpaceandCurvedSpace-Time126GeometrizingAwayGravity131BlackHo