【朗西埃】文学政治学

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1、1SubStance33.1(2004)10-24ThePoliticsofLiteratureJacquesRancièreParisIwillstartbyexplainingwhatmytitlemeans—andfirstofallwhatitdoesnotmean.Thepoliticsofliteratureisnotthepoliticsofitswriters.Itdoesnotdealwiththeirpersonalcommitmenttothesocialandpoliticalissuesandstrugglesoftheirtime

2、s.Nordoesitdealwiththemodesofrepresentationofpoliticaleventsorthesocialstructureandthesocialstrugglesintheirbooks.Thesyntagma"politicsofliterature"meansthatliterature"does"politicsasliterature—thatthereisaspecificlinkbetweenpoliticsasadefinitewayofdoingandliteratureasadefinitepractic

3、eofwriting.Tomakesenseofthisstatement,Iwillfirstbrieflyspellouttheideaofpoliticsthatisin-volvedinit.Politicsiscommonlyviewedasthepracticeofpowerortheembodimentofcollectivewillsandinterestsandtheenactmentofcollectiveideas.Now,suchenact-mentsorembodimentsimplythatyouaretakenintoaccoun

4、tassubjectssharinginacommonworld,makingstatementsandnotsimplynoise,discussingthingslocatedinacommonworldandnotinyourownfantasy.Whatreallydeservesthenameofpoliticsistheclusterofperceptionsandpracticesthatshapethiscommonworld.Politicsisfirstofallawayofframing,amongsensorydata,aspecifi

5、csphereofexperience.Itisaparti-tionofthesensible,ofthevisibleandthesayable,whichallows(ordoesnotallow)somespecificdatatoappear;whichallowsordoesnotallowsomespecificsubjectstodesignatethemandspeakaboutthem.Itisaspecificintertwiningofwaysofbeing,waysofdoingandwaysofspeaking.Thepolitics

6、ofliteraturethusmeansthatliteratureasliteratureisinvolvedinthisparti-tionofthevisibleandthesayable,inthisintertwiningofbeing,doingandsayingthatframesapolemicalcommonworld.Nowthepointis:whatismeantby"literatureasliterature"?Surprisingly,fewamongthepoliticalorsocialcommentatorsoflit

7、eraturehavepaidattentiontoliterature'sownhis-toricity.Weknow,however,thatclassifyingtheartofwritingunderthenotionof"litera-ture"isnotold.Wecantraceitbacktoapproximatelythebeginningofthenineteenthcentury.Butcriticshavenotoftendeducedanyconsequencefromthis.Someofthemhavetrieddespera

8、telytoconnectliterature(takenasth