了解微型计算机的硬件和软

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1、微型计算机的硬件和软件　　ComputerHardware　　Acomputerisafastandaccuratesymbolprocessingsystem.Itcanaccept，store，processdataandproduceoutputresults.Acomputercanautomaticallyprocessdatawithouthumanintervention.However，itmustbegivenasetofinstructiontoguideit，stepbystep，t

2、hroughprocesses.Thesetofinstructionsiscalledaprogram，Theprogramisstoredphysicallyinsidethemachine，makingitaprogram.　　Allcomputersystemsofinteresttousaresimilar.Theycontainhardwarecomponentsforinput，centralprocessingunitandoutput.Thesystemonthesmall-scalei

3、scalledamicrocomputerorminicomputer.Continuingupthesizescale，themainframecomputerisonethatmayofferafasterprocessingspeedandagreaterstoragecapacitythanatypicalmini.Finallycomesthesupercomputer，designedtoprocesscomplexscientificapplications，whichisthelarges

4、tandfastest.　　Althoughthecapacityofcomputers'storagelocationsisvaried，everycomputerstoresnumbers，letters，andothercharactersinacodedform.Everycharacterinthestorageisrepresentedbyastringof0sand1s，theonlydigitsfoundedinthebinarynumberingsystem.BCDandASCIIare

5、popularcomputercodes.　　CPU　　CPUistheabbreviationofCentralProcessingUnit，whichistheheartofacomputerliketheheadofafamily.Oncethepowerofacomputeristurnedon，allthebehaviorsareunderthecontrolofCPU.CPUisinanironboxtogetherwithotherdevicessuchasdiskdrives，amainm

6、emoryandaswitchingpowersupplyetc.InChinese，theironboxisconventionallycalledthemainframe.Onthebackofthemainframebox，therearevariousports，withwhichCPUmaybelinkedwithinputandoutputdevices.　　Memory　　Primarymemoryisknownasrandomaccessmemory（RAM）andsimplenamedm

7、emory.Itisthestorageareawithinthecomputerthatholdsprogramsanddataduringprocessing.Memoryisonlytemporarystoragearea；whenprocessingiscomplete，memoryiscleared.Theuserneedstoloadorenterdataandprogramsintothecomputermemorywhenusinganyapplicationonthecomputer.　

8、　Differentcomputershavedifferentamountsofmemoryspace，referredtoasmemorysize，rangingfrom4，8megabytesto64megabytes.Today，thememoriesofsomemicrocomputersevencanbeexpandabletohundredsofmegabytes.　　Computersoftware　　Most