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1、Unit2Theenvironment一、阅读理解。Oneofthemainchallengesfacingmanycountriesishowtomaintaintheiridentityinthefaceofglobalizationandthegrowingmulti-languagetrend.＂OneofthemainreasonsforeconomicfailureinmanyAfricancountriesisthefactthat,withafewimportantexceptions,mother
2、-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinanyoftheindependentAfricanstates.＂saidNevilleAlexander,DirectoroftheProjectfortheStudyofAlternativeEducationinSouthAfricaattheUniversityofCapeTown.InresponsetothespreadofEnglishandtheincreasedmulti-languagetrendsarisingfromimmig
3、ration,manycountrieshaveintroducedlanguagelawsinthelastdecade.Insome,theuseoflanguagesotherthanthenationallanguageisbannedinpublicspacessuchasadvertisingposters.Oneofthefirstsuchlegalprovisions(规定)wasthe1994＂Toubonlaw＂inFrance,andtheideahasbeencopiedinmanycoun
4、triessincethen.Sucheffortstogovernlanguageuseareoftenconsideredasfutilebylanguageexperts,whoarewellawareofthedifficultyincontrollingfashionsinspeechandknowfromresearchthatlanguageswitchingamongbilingualsisanaturalprocess.Itisespeciallydifficultfornativespeaker
5、sofEnglishtounderstandthedesiretomaintainthe＂purity＂ofalanguagebylaw.SincethetimeofShakespeare,Englishhascontinuallyabsorbedforeignwordsintoitsownlanguage.Englishisoneofthemostmixedandrapidlychanginglanguagesintheworld,butthathasnotbeenabarriertoacquiringsuper
6、iorityandpower.AnotherreasonforthefailureofmanynativeEnglishspeakerstounderstandtheroleofthestateregulationisthatithasneverbeentheAnglo-Saxonwayofdoingthings.Englishhasneverhadastate-controlledauthorityforthelanguage,similar,forexample,totheAcademicFrancaisein
7、France.Theneedtoprotectnationallanguagesis,formostwesternEuropeans,arecentphenomenon-especiallytheneedtoensurethatEnglishdoesnotunnecessarilytakeovertoomanyfields.Publiccommunication,educationandnewwaysofcommunicationpromotedbytechnology,maybekeyfieldstodefend
8、.1.NevilleAlexanderbelievesthat__________.A.mother-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinallAfricancountriesB.globalizationhasresultedintheeconomicfailureofAfricaC.globalizationhasledtoth
