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1、Unit1ALandofdiversityPartIIIGrammar名词性从句一、【基础知识】在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组),它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为________从句、_________从句、________从句和___________从句。一..名词性从句的引导词1.连接词that只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通
2、常不省略。如:Ihope(that)youenjoyyourholiday.Thathelikesyouisveryobvious.2.连接词whether也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if。Heaskedwhether/ifIwouldshowhimtheway.Whetheritwilldousharmremainstobeseen.(引导主语从句,不能用if代替whether)【比较】whether与if均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况
3、下,只用whether,不用if:a.whether引导主语从句并在句首b.引导表语从句c.whether从句作介词宾语d.从句后有"ornot" 3.连接代词who(m),whose,which,what等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如:That’swhyshewantedtoleave.Whenwearrivedoesn'tmatter.Tellmewhichoneyoulikebest.4.连接副词when,where,why,how,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如:Thequest
4、ionishowweshouldcarryouttheplan.Whenshe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.Whyhediditwillremainapuzzleforever.二.名词性从句的热点引导词1.what引导的名词性从句有两个意思:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“…所…的人或物”。如:Idon’tknowwhatyouwant.Idon’tknowwhatyouwantisthis.2.whoever,whatever,whichever等也可引导名词性从句,
5、其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、“…的任何人或物”等。如:Whoeverwantsthebookmayhaveit.I’lldowhateverIcantohelphim.Buywhicheverischeapest.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.另外,它们也可引导让步状语从句,其意为“无论…”、“不管…”,其意相当于nomatterwho/what/which。如:Whateverhappens,youmustbecalm.(whatever=nomatterwhat)Hew
6、on'teatyou,whoeverheis.(whoever=nomatterwho)3.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。常用句型:It+be+过去分词+that….:该句型常见动词有:say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,know,believe,decide,etc.。It+seems/appears/happens等不及物动词+that….。例如:Itissaidthattheyhaveinventedanewtypeofcomputer.It
7、wasreportedthatmorethan170thousandpeoplediedinthe2004tsunami.Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.4.it还可以引导形式宾语,而真正的宾语从句则放在句尾。有此用法的动词有like,love,hate,appreciate,seetoitthat,takeitforgrantedthat…,dependonitthat…等。Don’ttakeitforgr
8、antedthatyourparentsshoulddothesethingsforyou.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthfull.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddomethatfavor.Weshouldseetoitthatallworkdoneconformstohighs
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