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1、Unit19NewZealand知识精讲一.本周教学内容：Unit19NewZealandI.BackgroundknowledgeTheFirstPeopleinNewZealandLocatedtotheeastofAustralia,NewZealandisalivingland,asthelocalscallit.TheDutchnavigatorAbelTasmanwasthefirstEuropeantodiscovertheexistenceofthisnewlandin1642.Tasman’sjourneywasnotasuccess;theM
2、aorinativesappearedfromthebeachesandapproachingtheship,startedtosingtheirchants.Tasmanrepliedtowhathethoughtwasagreetingwiththeship’sband,notknowingthatinthiswayhewasacceptingthebellicose（好战的）challengebeingofferedbytheMaoris.Therefore,thesailorswerekilled.NewZealandwaseffectivelydisc
3、overedforthefirsttimebyCaptainCook.Cook’slandingwasmorefortunatethanTasman’s.Infact,theEnglishnavigatortooksomePolynesianinterpreterswithhimtothelanding,throughwhomheshowedhisownfriendlinesstotheMaoris.Afteralongandarduous（艰难的）voyageacrossthePacificonboardcanoes,theMaoritribeswerethe
4、firstrealcolonizersofNewZealand,arrivingherefromtheislandsofPolynesiaaroundathousandyearsago.CanoesmadetheMaoris’lifeonthenewislandpossible.TheMaritimeMuseumisaspecialspacethatisreservedfortherestorationandexhibitionofoldMaoriboats,bothoriginalsandreplicas（复制品）.Inthe19thcentury,theEn
5、glishsettlersreachedNewZealand.TheEnglishpeople,giventhetimesandthematuringofworldpublicopinion,wantedasoftcolonization（殖民本质）,differentfromtheoneinnearbyAustralia,whichwasinternationallycondemned（谴责）becauseitwasgreedyandbloody.InNewZealand,unlikeAustralia,theEnglishdidnotenslavethena
6、tivesorstealtheirland.ThetribesemphasizedtheirownpreviousarrivalinthislandbycallingthemselvesMaoris.Now,theystillfollowthetraditionalcultureandcustoms.ThereisaMaoris’typicalmeetinghousewhereinoldertimes,butstilltoday.thetribesgottogethertocelebratetheirritesandtomakeimportantpolitica
7、ldecisions.Here,thenativepopulationdecidedtomerge（合并）withthefirstEnglishsettlersintoasinglekingdom.Inthefirstelections,whichwereheldin1890,allcitizensovertheageof21yearsold,Maoriandwhite.weregiventhevote.Threeyearslater,womenobtainedtherighttovoteforthefirsttimeinhistory.InNewZealand
8、thosewhowish
