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1、ElectronicDevices:Manyelectronicdevicesareusedonmodernautomobiles.Thesedevicescanbebrokenintotwogroups:Thosethatpresentinformationandthosethatcontrolvehiclefunctions.WarningandindicationSystemElectroniccircuitsanddisplaydevicescanbeusedinplaceofconvent
2、ionalgaugestopresentinformation.Wheninformationispresentedasdigits,ornumbers,itisknownasdigitalinformation.Informationalsocanbepresentedinspokenlanguage.Forexample,whenadoorisajarortheignitionkeyisleftinthelock,amessageisplayedtoalertthedriver.Computer
3、sAcomputerisadevicethatprocesses,orchanges,rawdataintousefulinformation.Thedatathatcomputersreceiveandtheinformationtheydeliverareintheformofelectricalsignals.Processingtoconvertdatasignalsintoinformationsignalsisdirectedbyasetofinstructionsknownasapro
4、gram.Computerscanbeusedtocontrolvehiclefunctions.Thedatamessagesfromsensorsareprocessedtoproduceanoutputsignal.Theoutputsignalisusedtooperateswitches,relays,motors,solenoids,orotheroutputdevicestocontrolvehiclefunctions.Themainpartsofabasiccomputercont
5、rolsystemare:1)inputsensors,2)computerprocessingunit,3)outputdevices,4)wiringconnections.Anautomotivecomputercanbethoughtofasa“blackbox”.Ifagiveninputsignalispresentedtothecomputer,itshouldproduceacertainoutput.The“blackbox”simplyprocessestheinputandpr
6、oducesanoutput.Afullunderstandingoftheinnerpartsandfunctionsofacomputerisnotnecessary.Youneedonlytobeabletodetermineiftheunitisworkingproperly.Virtuallyanymechanicalorelectricalfunctionofanautomobilecanbecontrolledbyacomputer.Intoday’scars,theuseofcomp
7、utersisbeingexpandedconstantly.Themostcommonusesforcomputercontrolsincurrentvehicleinclude:1)electronicignition,2)fueldelivery,3)emissionscontrols,4)cruisecontrol,5)heatingandairconditioning,6)automaticgearbox,7)suspension,8)anti-lockbrakesystem,1)powe
8、rsteering,10)anti-theftsystem.FeedbackControlComputers,sensorsandoutputdevicescanbeconnectedtomonitorandadjustvehiclefunctionscontinuously.Forexample,anelectronically-carburetorcomputercanmaintaina14.7:1air/fuelratioaftertheenginereache