船舶与海洋工程专业英语pdf

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1、LessonOneTheNavalArchitectAnavalarchitectaskedtodesignashipmayreceivehisinstructionsinaformrangingfromsuchsimplerequirementsas“anoiltankertocarry100000tonsdeadweightat15knots”toafullydetailedspecificationofpreciselyplannedrequirements.Heisusuallyrequiredtoprepareadesignforavesselthatmustcarr

2、yacertainweightofcargo(ornumberofpassengers)ataspecifiedspeedwithparticularreferencetotraderequirement;high-densitycargoes，suchasmachinery,requirelittleholdcapacity,whilethereverseistrueforlow-densitycargoes,suchasgrain.Deadweightisdefinedasweightofcargoplusfuelandconsumablestores，andlightwe

3、ightastheweightofthehull，includingmachineryandequipment.Thedesignermustchoosedimensionssuchthatthedisplacementofthevesselisequaltothesumofthedeadweightandthelightweighttonnages.Thefinenessofthehullmustbeappropriatetothespeed.Thedraftwhichisgovernedbyfreeboardrulesenablesthedepthtobedetermine

4、dtoafirstapproximation.Afterselectingtentativevaluesoflength，breadth，depth，draft，anddisplacement,thedesignermustachieveaweightbalance.Hemustalsoselectamomentbalancebecausecentresofgravityinbothlongitudinalandverticaldirectionsmustprovidesatisfactorytrimandstability.Additionally，hemustestimat

5、etheshafthorsepowerrequiredforthespecifiedspeed;thisdeterminestheweightofmachinery.Thestrengthofthehullmustbeadequatefortheserviceintended,detailedscantlings(framedimensionsandplatethicknesses)canbeobtainedfromtherulesoftheclassificationsociety.Thesescantingsdeterminetherequisiteweightofhull

6、steel.Thevesselshouldpossesssatisfactorysteeringcharacteristics，freedomfromtroublesomevibration，andshouldcomplywiththemanyvariedrequirementsofinternationalregulations.Possessinganattractiveappearance，theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoronwhichharbourandotherduesarebased.(T

7、hegrosstonnagerepresentsthevolumeofallclosed-inspacesabovetheinnerbottom.Thenettonnageisthegrosstonnageminuscertaindeductiblespacesthatdonotproducerevenue.Nettonnagecanthereforeberegardedasameasureoftheearningcapacityoftheship,henceitsuseasabasisfo