铁路软弱地基病害整治方法与施工

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1、院系成人教育学院专业铁道工程年级2002姓名题目铁路软弱地基病害整治方法与施工指导教师评语指导教师（签章）评阅人评语评阅人（签章）成绩答辩委员会主任（签章）年月日摘要软弱地基的种类很多，按成因一般可分为人工填土类地基；海相、河流相和湖相沉积而成的含淤质粘土类地基；各种山前冲积、洪积相所形成的夹卵石、漂石的粘土类地基。复杂的成因造成了它们在物理力学性能上的复杂性，它们的共同特点是承载力低、压缩性高。由于软土具有强度较低、压缩性较高和透水性很小等特性，因此在软土地基上修建建筑物，必须重视地基的变形和稳定问题。在软弱土地基上的建

2、筑物往往会出现地基强度和变形不能满足设计要求的问题，因而常常需要采取措施，进行地基处理。处理的目的是要提高软弱地基的强度，保证地基的稳定，降低软弱土的压缩性，减少基础的沉降和不均匀沉降。目前对厚度较大的软弱地基一般采用各类钢筋混凝土桩进行处理，对含水量和孔隙比较大的软弱地基一般采用砂桩、石灰桩，化学灌浆或堆载预压等方法处理。各种处理方法都有较强的针对性，处理方法选择是否合理，直接影响到建筑物的设计是否安全和节约。本文讲述了软弱地基的特性及处理方法，并根据铁路软弱地基的特点提出合理的整治方案。关键词软弱；地基；整治；施工目录

3、第1章绪论·························································51．1软弱地基的特性················································51．2软弱地基处理的要求············································61．2．1地基应维持稳定········································61．2．2地基变形应不超过容许值················

4、················61．3软弱地基处理的目的············································61．4软弱地基处理的方法············································7第2章换土垫层法···················································82．1换土垫层法的适用范围··········································82．2砂石垫层法·········

5、···········································82．2．1砂石垫层的适用条件····································82．2．2砂石垫层的设计内容····································82．2．3砂石垫层的施工········································92．3灰土垫层法···················································102．3．

6、1素土垫层·············································102．3．2灰土垫层·············································11第3章灌填成桩法··················································123．1砂桩·························································123．2碎石桩··························

7、·····························123．2．1碎石桩加固原理及适用条件·····························123．2．2碎石桩的桩位布置和桩间距·····························133．2．3碎石桩的桩长·········································133．2．4碎石桩的桩体材料和桩径·······························143．3石灰桩····························

8、···························143．3．1石灰桩加固原理及适用范围·····························143．3．2石灰桩的设计内容·····································153．3．3石灰桩的施工工艺··········