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1、Postmodernismisarejectionof’totality’，ofthenotionthatplanningcouldbe’comprehensive’，widelyappliedregardlessofcontext,andrational.Inthissense,Postmodernismisarejectionofitspredecessor:Modernism.Fromthe1920sonwards,theModernmovementsoughttodesignandplancitiesw
2、hichfollowedthelogicofthenewmodelofindustrialmassproduction;revertingtolarge-scalesolutions,aestheticstandardisationandprefabricateddesignsolutions(Goodchild1990).Postmodernismalsobroughtabreakfromthenotionthatplanningandarchitecturecouldresultinsocialreform
3、，whichwasanintegraldimensionoftheplansofModernism(Simonsen1990).Furthermore,Modernismerodedurbanlivingbyitsfailuretorecognisedifferencesandaimtowardshomogenouslandscapes(Simonsen1990，57).WithinModernism,urbanplanningrepresenteda20th-centurymovetowardsestabli
4、shingsomethingstable,structured,andrationalisedwithinwhathadbecomeaworldofchaos,fluxandchange(Irving1993，475).TheroleofplannerspredatingPostmodernismwasoneofthe’qualifiedprofessional5whobelievedtheycouldfindandimplementonesingle’rightway’ofplanningnewurbanes
5、tablishments(Irving1993).Infact,after1945,urbanplanningbecameoneofthemethodsthroughwhichcapitalismcouldbemanagedandtheinterestsofdevelopersandcorporationscouldbeadministered(Irving1993,479).ConsideringModernisminclinedurbanplanningtotreatbuildingsanddevelopm
6、entsasisolated,unrelatedpartsoftheoverallurbanecosystemscreatedfragmented,isolated,andhomogeneousurbanlandscapes(Goodchild,1990).OneofthegreaterproblemswithModernist-styleofplanningwasthedisregardofresidentorpublicopinion，whichresultedinplanningbeingforcedup
7、onthemajoritybyaminorityconsistingofaffluentprofessionalswithlittletonoknowledgeofreal’urban’problemscharacteristicofpost-SecondWorldWarurbanenvironments:slums，overcrowding,deterioratedinfrastructure,pollutionanddisease,amongothers(Irving1993).Thesewerepreci
8、selythe’urbanills’Modernismwasmeantto’solve’，butmoreoftenthannot,thetypesof’comprehensive’，’onesizefitsall’approachestoplanningmadethingsworse.,andresidentsbegantoshowinterestinbecominginvolvedi
