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1、AutomobileDesign-FrameDesignsThevehicleframeisthebasicplatformtowhichallsuspensionandsteeringlinkagepartsattach.Avehiclewillneithersteernorhandlewelliftheframeistooflexible.Arigidframestructuremaypassunnecessaryvibrationsintothepassengercompartment.Theframeandsusp

2、ensiondesignwillaffecttheridequality，handling，anddurability，aswellasthelevelsofbothnoiseandvibration.Manufacturersuseseveraldifferenttypesofconstructionontheirvehicles.Ofthese,separatebodyandframeconstructionwasthemostcommonthroughthe1970s.Itisstillusedinlargevans

3、，pickups，andtrucks.Inthistypeofconstruction,theengine,driveline,runninggear,andbodymounttotheframethroughinsulators.Insulatorsaresyntheticrubberpadsthatkeeproadandenginenoiseandvibrationfromgoingintothepassengercompartment.Asecondtypeofconstructionistheunitizedbod

4、y.This，designisbyfarthemostpopularinmodernvehicles.Theunitizeddesignhasalightweightstructurewiththerequiredstrength.Tnthistypeofconstruction，theframeisweldedintothebodyaspartofthebodystructure.Bodypanelsaddstrengthtotheframepieces.Therunninggearanddrivelinearemoun

5、tedtotheunitizedbodythroughlarge,softsyntheticrubberinsulators.Theinsulatorsminimizethetransferofnoiseandvibration.Iftheinsulatorsaretoosoft，theywillallowtoomuchrunninggearanddrivelinemovement.Thismovement,calledcompliance，affectsvehiclehandlingandcontrol.Iftheins

6、ulatorsaretoohard,theywillnotinsulatenoiseandvibrationastheyshould.Themanufacturercarefullydesignstheinsulatorsandputsthemwheretheywillbeinavehiclewithlownoiseandvibrationtransmissionthatstillhasproperhandlingandfeel.Insulatorpropertieschangewithage，changingorigin

7、alcharacteristicsasthevehiclebecomesolder.Athirdtypeofconstructioncombinesthefeaturesofthefirstandsecondtypes.Itusesastubframefromthebulkheadforwardandaunitizedbodyfromthebulkheadback.Theunitizedpartisveryrigid，whilethestubframeprovidesaplaceforgoodinsulation.Manu

8、facturersselectthetypeofconstruction.thatismosteconomicaltobuild/whileprovidingthenoise,vibration，andrideandhandlingcharacteristicstheywantinthevehicle.