引进梨品种在轮台县的生长特性差异分析

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1、引进梨品种在轮台县的生长特性差异分析摘要：为了梨资源的收集、保存与推广，通过对新疆及西北干旱以及半干旱地区梨资源的收集及引进，比较不同嫁接方法的当年成活率及越冬成活率，探讨了不同品种在新疆轮台县的花部综合特征、开花物候、叶片和新梢的生长特征。结果表明：⑴不同嫁接方法的嫁接苗成活率及其越冬成活率有所不同，芽接的嫁接成活率明显高于枝接成活率，但是枝接越冬成活率明显好于芽接，当地品种的枝接当年成活率相对好于选育优良品种和砧木品种。⑵嫁接砧木品种的越冬成活率相对好于选育优良品种，当地品种的为其次。⑶不同引进品种和当地品种的花部综合特征及性分配（雄蕊数量

2、和花粉量）有所不同。⑷虽然个别品种开花物候有一定的差异，但引进品种、选育优良品种的花期与当地品种没有明显差异。⑸不同品种叶片大小（长宽）和新梢长度有明显差异；砧木品种的叶片大小和新梢长度相对小于当地品种和选育优良品种；此外，不同品种的新梢颜色和皮孔数量也有一定差异。研究认为，在新疆的气候条件下枝接较适合梨属的嫁接，从花部特征、开花物候及生长发育特征来看，这些引进品种在选择适当嫁接的方法的情况下适合在新疆增繁推广。关键词：引进；梨；嫁接；开花；物候；生长特性中图分类号：S661.2文献标识码：ADOI编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-

3、6500.2016.07.020Abstract：Inordertocollection,preservationandpromotionofpearresources,differentvarietieswerecollectedandintroducedfromXinjiangandthenorthwestaridandsemi-aridarea,thecurrentsurvivalrateandoverwinteringsurvivalrateofdifferentgraftingmethodswerecompared.Andtheflo

4、ralsyndromes,floweringphenology,leafandshootgrowthcharacteristicswerediscussed.Theresultsshowedthat：(1)thegraftingseedlingsurvivalrateandoverwinteringsurvivalratesofdifferentgraftingmethodsweredifferent,thebuddinggraftingsurvivalratewassignificantlyhigherthangraftingsurvival

5、rate,butoverwintersurvivalrateofstemgraftingwassignificantlybetterthanbudding・Thecurrentsurvivalrateofstemgraftingoflocalvarietieswasbetterthanbreedingexcellentvarietiesandrootstocks・(2)Theoverwintersurvivalrateofrootstockvarietieswasrelativelybetterthanbreedingexcellentvari

6、eties，andthelocalvarietiesforsecond.(3)Thefloralcharacteristicsandsexallocation(stamensandpollen)ofthedifferentintroducedvarietyandlocalvarieties(numberofstamensandpollen)weredifferen匸(4)Althoughthefloweringphenologyofseveralindividualspecieshadcertaindifference,buttheflower

7、ingofintroducedvarieties,breedingexcellentvarietiesandlocalcultivarshadnosignificantdifference.(5)Theleafsize(lengthandwidth)andshootlengthofdifferentvarietieshadobviousdifference；theleafsizeandnewshootslengthofrootstockvarietieswererelativelysmallerthanlocalvarietiesandbree

8、dingexcellentvarieties・Inaddition,colorandlenticelsquantityofnewshootofdiff