化学致癌作用chemicalcarcinog

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1、第八章化学致癌作用ChemicalCarcinogenesis1、Therearemorethan100typesofcancers;anypartofthebodycanbeaffected.2、In2005,7.6millionpeoplediedofcancer-13%ofthe58milliondeathsworldwide.3、Morethan70%ofallcancerdeathsoccurinlowandmiddleincomecountries.4、Worldwide,the5mostcommontypesofcan

2、certhatkillmenare(inorderoffrequency):lung,stomach,liver,colorectalandoesophagus.10factsaboutcancer10factsaboutcancer5、Worldwide,the5mostcommontypesofcancerthatkillwomenare(intheorderoffrequency):breast,lung,stomach,colorectalandcervical.6、Tobaccouseisthesinglelargestp

3、reventablecauseofcancerintheworld.7、Onefifthofallcancersworldwidearecausedbyachronicinfection,forexamplehumanpapillomavirus(HPV)causescervicalcancerandhepatitisBvirus(HBV)causeslivercancer.8、Athirdofcancerscouldbecuredifdetectedearlyandtreatedadequately.9、Allpatientsin

4、needofpainreliefcouldbehelpedifcurrentknowledgeaboutpaincontrolandpalliativecarewereapplied.10、40%ofcancercouldbeprevented,mainlybynotusingtobacco,havingahealthydiet,beingphysicallyactiveandpreventinginfectionsthatmaycausecancer.10factsaboutcancerBasedonprojections,can

5、cerdeathswillcontinuetorisewithanestimated9millionpeopledyingfromcancerin2015,and11.4milliondyingin2030.TheConstitutionofCausesofDeath(USA，2000)CausesofdeathMale（%）Female（%）Diseaseofthecirculatorysystem37.1941.09Malignantneoplasms24.2921.78Diabetesmetllitus2.633.08Acci

6、dentsandadverseeffects5.542.91Mentaldisorders1.502.31Infectiousandparasiticdisease2.702.22others26.1526.611957、1984、1999、2004年我国城市主要疾病死因构成比及死因顺位顺位1957198419992004死因比例(%)死因比例(%)死因比例(%)死因比例（%）1呼吸系统16.86心脏病22.65脑血管病22.28恶性肿瘤27.232传染病7.93脑血管病21.13恶性肿瘤21.66脑血管病18.473肺结核7.51

7、恶性肿瘤21.11心脏病16.37心脏病17.234消化系统7.31呼吸系统8.79呼吸系统15.28呼吸系统12.775心脏病6.61消化系统4.32意外伤害6.52损伤中毒6.56第一节化学致癌物及其分类一、Definitions:chemicalcarcinogenAcarcinogenisanagentwhoseadministrationtopreviouslyuntreatedanimalsleadstoastatisticallysignificantincreasedincidenceofneoplasmsofone

8、ormorehistogenetictypesascomparedwiththeincidenceinappropriateuntreatedanimals.化学致癌物能引起动物和人类肿瘤，增加其发病率或死亡率的化合物。chemica