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1、TeachingandLearningUnitedStatesManyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewithlthestudent.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,instructorsexpectstudenttobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination
2、.Theidealstudentisconsideredtobeonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeoflearning,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Sometimeshomeworkisreturnedwithbriefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentisresponsibleforlearningthemat
3、erialassigned.Whenresearchisassigned,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.Itisthestudent'sresponsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibrarywo
4、rks;theyexpectstudentsparticularygraduatestudentstoexhaustthereferencesourceinthelibrary.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,but_preferthattheirstudentsshouldnotbetoodependentonthem.Intheprofessorshavemanyotherdutiesbesidesteaching.suchasadministrativ
5、eorresearchwork.Therefore,thetimethataprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassislimited.Ifastudenthasproblemswithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeitherapproachaprofessorduringofficehours3ormakeanappointment.TheDifferencebetweenManandComputerWhatmakes
6、peopledifferentfromcomputerprograms?Whatisthemissingelementthatourtheoriesdon'tvetaccountfor?Theanswerissimple:Peoplereadnewspaperstoriesforareason:tolearnmoreaboutwhattheyareinterestedin.Computers,ontheotherhand,don't.Infact,computersdon'tevenhaveint
7、erests;thereisnothinginparticularthattheyaretryingtofindoutwhentheyread.Ifacomputerprogramistobeamodelofstoryunderstanding,itshouldalsoreadfora"purpose".Ofcourse,peoplehaveseveralgoalsthatdonotmakesensetoattributetocomputersl.Onemightreadarestaurantgu
8、ideinordertosatisfyhungerorentertainmentgoals,ortofindagoodplacetogoforabusinesslunch.Computersdonotgethungry,andcomputersdonothavebusinesslunches.However,thesephysiologicalandsocialgoalsgiverisetoseveralintellectualorcognitivegoals.Agoaltosat
