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1、AQuestionofFocus“Itappearsthatthewaypeopleperceivetheworldismuchmoreimportanttohappinessthanobjectivecircumstances.”EdDienerEmotionsdeterminedbyexternalandinternalChoiceoffocus“Tothedifferentminds,thesameworldisahell,andaheaven.”RalphWaldoEmerson“Nothingisgood
2、orbadbutthinkingmakesitso.”WilliamShakespeareTwoArchetypesTheFault-Finder“Thefault-finderwillfindfaultseveninparadise”HenryDavidThoreauCouldleadtoresignationTheBenefit-Finder(Bower,2007)CouldleadtodetachmentTheneedtorespectreality“Theinvariablemarkofwisdomisto
3、seethemiraculousinthecommon.”RalphWaldoEmersonWeCo-CreateOurReality“Nowhoweverfixedtheseelementsofrealitymaybe,westillhaveacertainfreedominourdealingswiththem.Takeoursensations.Thattheyareisundoubtedlybeyondourcontrol;butwhichweattendto,note,andmakeemphaticino
4、urconclusionsdependsonourowninterests;and,accordingaswelaytheemphasishereorthere,quitedifferentformulationsoftruthresult.Wereadthesamefactsdifferently.‘Waterloo,’withthesamefixeddetails,spellsa‘victory’foranenglishman;forafrenchmanitspellsa‘defeat.’So,foranopt
5、imistphilosophertheuniversespellsvictory,forapessimist,defeat.Whatwesayaboutrealitythusdependsontheperspectiveintowhichwethrowit.”WilliamJamesWeCo-CreateOurRealityIsn’titstrangehowprincesandkings, andclownsthatcaperinsawdustrings, andcommonpeople,likeyouandme,
6、 arebuildersforeternity?Eachisgivenalistofrules; ashapelessmass;abagoftools. Andeachmustfashion,erelifeisflown, Astumblingblock,oraStepping-Stone.R.L.SharpAMatterofInterpretation“Neverletagoodcrisisgotowaste.”AnneHarbison“Thingsdon’tnecessarilyhappenforthebest
7、,butsomepeopleareabletomakethebestofthingsthathappen.”AMatterofInterpretation“Apessimistseesthedifficultyineveryopportunity;anoptimistseestheopportunityineverydifficulty.”WinstonChurchillAQuestionofInterpretationTheworldaccordingtothefault-finderThe(same)world
8、accordingtothebenefit-finderTheBenefitsofBeingaBenefitFinderWell-being(Thompson,1985)HealthAfflecketal.(1987)Bower(1998)King&Miner(2000)Longevity“Thejoyfulnessofamanprolongethhisda
