资源描述:
《英语常用前缀、后缀及词根汇总》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
英语常用前缀、后缀及词根汇总一、前缀(一)表示否定的前缀1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。disadvantage(缺点),dishonorable(不光彩的),disagree(不同意)2.in-加在形容词,名词之前incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)4.il-加在以l开头的词前illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的),illogical(不合逻辑的)5.ir-加在以r开头的词前irregular(不规则的、不整齐的),irresistible(难以抗拒的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的),irresponsible,irrevocable6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前unfinished(未完成的),undoubted(毫无无疑的),unemployment(失业)7.non-加在形容词,名词前non-existence(不存在),non-essential(非主要的),non-electrical(非电的),non-smoker(非吸烟者),nonsense,nonaccess,non-profitorganization8.mis-加在动词、名词之前misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导性的),misfortune(不幸),misbehave,misspell,mistaken,misprint9.dis-加在动词之前disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系,断开连接)10.de-加在名词,形容词之前demobilize(遣散;使…复员),decolor(脱色,漂白),decompose(分解,腐烂)11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前anti-JapaneseWar(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidote(解毒药),antibody,antigen,antibiotics,antidepressant12.counter-加在名词、动词前1 counter-attack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命),counter-clockwise(逆时针方向),counter-culture,countermeasure(二)表示“before”的前缀1.pre-preconception(成见),pre-existing(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的),preface(前言,序言),prescribe(开药),predict(预言),prevent2.Ante-anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者),anticipate(预期)3.Fore-forehead(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见),foretell(预言),forearm,forefather,forecast4.Pro-programme(计划),prologue(序幕),probe,proceed,process5.Ex-ex-president(前任总统),ex-wife(前妻),ex-con(前罪犯)(三)表示“后”的前缀1.post-post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午),post-mortem(验尸的,死后的),postpone(推迟,延后),postgraduate(研究生)(四)表示“低”、“下”的前缀1.Hypo-Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),hypochlorite(次氯酸盐)2.Infra-Infra-red(红外线),infrastructure(基础设施),infrasonic(次声的)3.Sub-Sub-editor(副编辑),subway(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的,潜艇),sub-tropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题),suburb(郊区)(五)表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀1.Re-Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回),repay(偿还),replace(替换,放回原位)2 2.Retro-Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)(六)表示“共同”、“和”的前缀1.Co-co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校),co-worker(工友,同事)2.con(col,com,cor)-Connection(连接),collaborate(协作,合作),correlation(相关性,关联),conspiracy(阴谋),conference(会议),convention(会议)(七)表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀1.Inter-Inter-changeable(可互换的),interdependent(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-personal(人际的),intercity(城际),intercontinental(洲际的),interact(互动,相互影响),Internet(互联网)(八)表示“出”、“超出”的前缀1.Ec-Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)2.Extra-Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的),extra-terrestrial(地球之外的,外星的)(九)表示“超过”的前缀1.hyper-,preter-,super-,sur-,ultra-hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的),surrounding,ultrasonic(十)其它的前缀1.auto-自automatic(自动的),autobiography(自传),autograph,automobile2.mal-坏,恶Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待),malicious,malignant,malice3.Micro-Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机),microwaveoven(微波炉)4.Tele-远3 Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜),television(电视),telemetric(遥测),telecommunications,telecast,telecontrol5.Demi-,semi-,hemi-Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)6.Uni-,mono-(单一,单独)Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服),unique(独一无二的),university(综合性大学,将各个学院合而为一),universal(统一的,一致的),unicorn(独角兽),unite(联合,合并),universe,unity,union,unisex,unit7.Bi-,di-二Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)Carbondioxide,bipod(双足动物)8.Tri-三Triangle(三角),tripod(三角架),trinity(三位一体)9.Multi-多multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的),multi-culture(多元文化),multi-linguist(会说多种语言的人),multi-media(多媒体)10.Poly–多Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)11.Arch-首领archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师),archangel(大天使),monarch(君主),anarchy(混乱)12.bene-善,好benefit(利益),benevolence(善意),benediction(祝福)13.homo-同homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)14.neo新neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)15.ortho-正确,直orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)16.philo-挚爱philosopher(哲学家),philanthropy(慈善活动),Philip17.proto-原始protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)18.pseudo-假的,伪的,冒充的4 pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(伪共产主义),pseudoscience(伪科学),pseudo19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制,戒绝),abstract(抽象)20.Apo-,aph-来自apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)21.se-分离separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱)22.para-防parachute(降落伞),parasol(阳伞)23.omni-所有的,公共的omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(无所不能),omniscient,omnipresent24.pan-全,泛Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒)25.panto-全pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)26.dia-通过,借以diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)27.Per-通过,彻底,不利perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的28.trans-通过,横过transcript(抄本,副本;记录),translation(翻译),transparent(透明的),transport(运输),transplant(移植)29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)30.syn-共同synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的)31.meta-变化,变形metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学),metabolism(新陈代谢)32.Cis-在这一边cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)33.pen-几乎,相近5 peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的,形成半岛的)34.en-,em-往……里,使……encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))encompass(包围),embody(体现),embed(嵌入)35.intro内在intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的),introvert(内向的)36.intro-到……中introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)37.dys-坏dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)38.Eu-优,美好eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音),euphemism(婉言)39.ambi-,amphi-两者amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)40.penta-五pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句)41.sex-六sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)42.sept-七September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)43.hepta-七heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)44.octa-,octo,oct八octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍),October(十月),octopus(章鱼)45.nona-,ennea-九nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)46.deci-,deca-十decimal(十进位,小数),decagramme(十克),decade(十年)47.centi-百centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)48.milli-千millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米),millennium(千年),milligram6 49.Kilo-千kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米),kilogram(千克),kilocalorie二、后缀(一)名词后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or,ar)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(personengagedinanoccupationoractivity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor,visitor,beggar,weaponeer,profiteer,supervisor2.-let意为:小不重要环形的东西(small,unimportantorroundthing)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet,islet,piglet,bracelet,armlet,3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette3)女性(female)例词:usherette4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship,scholarship,authorship,fellowship,hardship7.-ful意为:数量(theamountwhichnouncontains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful,armful,roomful8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starvation2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:organization,foundation9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement,entertainment,enjoyment,monument10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal,survival,denial,musical11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage,percentage,wreckage12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability,regularity,popularity,honesty,treaty,creativity13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrineof,practiceof)例词:idealism,impressionism,7 absenteeism,racism,journalism,me-tooism,Marxism,Socialism,Communism,Chauvinism,sexism,(二)动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ify意为:转为,变为(toturninto,tomakeorbecome)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify,purify,identify,personify,signify,glorify2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(tomakeorbecome;tomakeinto)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3.-ate意为:增加,使……(giveoradd,makeorbecome)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate(三)形容词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ful意为:充满,有(fullof;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful,joyful2.-less意为:没有,无(without;notgiving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless,footless,penniless,jobless,aimless3.-ly意为:有……品质的(havingthequalitiesof)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly,comradely,motherly,daily,deadly,likely,lovely4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhatlike)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish,bookish6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;havingthequalityof)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome,awesome,handsome7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(abletobe;capable)例词:changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(natureof,typicalof)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belongingto;connectedwith)例词:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(fullof;havingthequalityof;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious8 12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typicalof;belongingto)例词:historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(havingthenatureorqualityof;givenortendingto)例词:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive,protective,preventive(四)副词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ly意为:以……方式(ina...manner;etc.)例词:happily,boldly,attentively,strangely,quickly,honestly2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manneranddirectionofmovement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s),forwards,towards,eastwards,upwards,downwards,inwards3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(inthemannerof)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(asfaras...isconcerned)例词:weather-wise,education-wise,clockwise,likewise,注:有一个元音的单音节词,结尾只有一个辅音(即重读闭音节),在加元音后缀时,要双写这个辅音.例词:run+er=runner,hit+ing=hitting三、英语字根1,ag=do,act做,动2,agri=field田地,农田(agri也做agro,agr)3,ann=year年4,audi=hear听5,bell=war战争6,brev=short短7,ced,ceed,cess=go行走8,cept=take拿取9,cid,cis=cut,kill切,杀10,circ=ring环,圈11,claim,clam=cry,shout喊叫12,clar=clear清楚,明白13,clud=close,shut关闭9 14,cogn=known知道15,cord=heart心16,corpor=body体17,cred=believe,trust相信,信任18,cruc=cross十字19,cur=care关心20,cur,curs,cour,cours=run跑21,dent=tooth牙齿22,di=day日23,dict=say说24,dit=give给25,don=give给26,du=tow二27,duc,duct=lead引导28,ed=eat吃29,equ=equal等,均,平30,ev=age年龄,寿命,时代,时期31,fact=do,make做,作32,fer=bring,carry带拿33,flor=flower花34,flu=flow流35,fus=pour灌,流,倾泄36,grad=step,go,grade步,走,级37,gram=write,draw写,画,文字,图形38,graph=write,records写,画,记录器,图形39,gress=go,walk行走40,habit=dwell居住41,hibit=hold拿,持42,hospit=guest客人43,idio=peculiar,own,private,proper特殊的,个人的,专有的44,insul=island岛45,it=go行走46,ject=throw投掷47,juven=young年轻,年少10 48,lectchoose,gather选,收49,lev=raise举,升50,liber=free自由51,lingu=language语言52,liter=letter文字,字母53,loc=place地方54,log=speak言,说55,loqu=speak言,说56,lun=moon月亮57,man=dwell,stay居住,停留58,manu=hand手59,mar=sea海60,medi=middle中间61,memor=memory记忆62,merg=dip,sink沉,没63,migr=remove,move迁移64,milit=soldier兵65,mini=small,little小66,mir=wonder惊奇67,miss=send投,送,发(miss也作mit)68,mob=move动69,mort=death死70,mot=move移动,动71,nomin=name名72,nov=new新73,numer=number数74,onym=name名75,oper=work工作76,ori=rise升起77,paci=peace和平,平静78,pel=push,drive推,逐,驱79,pend,pens=hang悬挂/weigh称量/pay支出,付钱,花费80,pet=seek追求81,phon=sound声音11 82,pict=paint画,描绘83,plen=full满,全84,plic=fold折,重叠85,pon=put放置86,popul=people人民87,port=carry拿,带,运88,pos=put放置89,preci=price价值90,punct=point,prick点,刺91,pur=pure清,纯,净92,rect=right,straight正,直93,rupt=break破94,sal=salt盐95,scend,scens=climb爬,攀96,sci=know知97,sec,sequ=follow跟随98,sect=cut切割99,sent,sens=feel感觉100,sid=sit坐101,sist=stand站立102,son=sound声音103,spect=look看104,spir=breathe呼吸105,tail=cut切割106,tain,ten,tin=hold握,持,守107,tect=cover掩盖108,tele=far远109,tempor=time时110,tend(tens,tent)=stretch伸111,terr=land,earth土地,陆地112,text=weave纺织113,tract=draw拉,抽,引114,un=one一115,urb=city城市12 116,vac,vacu=empty空117,vad,vas=walk,go行走118,vari=change变化119,ven=come来120,vert,vers=turn转121,vi,via=way道路122,vis,vid=see看123,vit=life生命124,viv=live活【第二部分,多认词根,多识单词】125,aer(o)空气,空中,航空126,alt高127,am爱128,ambul行走129,anim生命,活,心神,意见130,anthrop(o)人,人类131,aqu水132,arch统治者,首脑archy统治133,avi鸟134,bat打135,biblio书136,birg战斗,打137,cad,cas降落,降临138,cert确定,确信139,chron时140,cid降落,降临141,clin倾142,cosm(o)世界,宇宙143,cracy统治crat支持144,cub躺,卧145,cult耕,培养146,cycl(o)圈,环,轮147,dem(o)人民148,dexter右13 149,doc教150,dom屋,家151,dorm睡眠152,drom跑153,ego我154,err漫游,走,行155,fabl,fabul言156,feder联盟157,ferv沸,热158,fict,fig塑造,虚构159,fid信任160,fil线161,flat吹162,flect,flex弯曲163,flict打击164,frag,fract破,折165,frig冷166,fug逃,散167,fund,found底,基础168,gam婚姻169,gram谷物,谷粒170,grav重171,greg群,集合172,gyn,gynce(o)妇女173,hal呼吸174,helic(o)螺旋175,hes,her粘着176,ign火177,integr整,全178,junct连接,连结179,later边180,leg读181,leg,legis法182,luc光14 183,lumin光184,magn(i)大185,matr(i),metro母186,mega大187,mens测量188,ment心,神,智,思,意189,min伸出,突出190,misc混合,混杂191,mis(o)恨,厌恶192,mon告诫,提醒193,mon单独,一个194,mur墙195,mut变换196,nat诞生197,nav船198,nect,nex结,系199,negr,nigr黑200,nihil无201,noc,nox伤害202,noct(i)夜203,norm规范,正规,正常204,nutri营养205,orn装饰206,par生,产207,parl说,谈208,past喂,食209,path(o),pathy疾病,疗法210,patr(i)父,祖211,ped,pod,pede脚,足212,ped儿童,小孩213,petr(o)石214,phag吃215,phil(o)爱216,phob(ia)怕15 217,plex重叠,重218,polis城市219,prim第一,最初220,radic根221,ras,rad擦,刮222,rid,ris笑223,rod,ros咬,啮224,rot轮,转225,rud原始,粗野226,rur,rus农村227,sat,satis,satur足,满,饱228,sen老229,simil,simul相似,相同230,sol单独231,sol太阳232,soph智慧233,sper希望234,spers,spars散,撒235,splend发光,照耀236,stell星237,tact,tag触238,the(o)神239,ton音240,tort扭241,tour迂回,转242,trud,trus推,冲243,tut,tuit监护,看管244,umbr阴影245,ut,us用246,vas走,漫游247,val强248,van空,无249,ver(i)真实250,voc,vok声音,叫喊16 251,vol,volunt意志,意愿252,volu,volv滚,转17