英语常用前缀、后缀和词根

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英语常用前缀、后缀和词根2011/9USST20PartI前缀前缀改变词义1.a,ab,ac,ad,ag,al,ap,ar,as,at=to,at,for表示加强、附加、增加、方向、变化、完成abandon=a+ban(禁止)+onvt.放弃Theyhadtoabandontheship.abbreviate=ab(to)+brev(brief)vt.缩短，缩写accept=ac+cept(totake取)vt.接受achieve=a+chieve(chief)vt.获得，取得acquire=ac+quire(toseek追求)v.获得（知识、技能）cf.inquire=in+quirev.探问require=re+quirevt.要求admire=ad+mire(towonder←miracle)v.赞赏，敬仰→admirable,admireradvance=adv+ance(before先前)vi.前进aggressive=ag+gress(towalk行走)+iveadj.有侵略性的→aggressionn.侵略aloud=a+loudadv.大声地allocate=al+locate(toplace定位)v.分配，指派apply=ap+ply(tofold)vt.应用，申请arise=a+risev.出现，产生Newproblemsariseonebyone.arouse=a+rouse(rise)vt.唤醒Theorangecolorcanarouseappetite.cf.Raiseupyourhands!Thesunhasrisenup.arrange=ar+range(torank排位)vt.安排，整理arrest=ar+re(back)+st(tostand)vt.逮捕attract=at+tract(todraw拉，拽)vt.吸引await=a+waitvt.等待~sbawake=a+wakevt.唤醒~thesleepinglion2.ab,abs,ad=off,away.from离开，避开abnormal=ab+normaladj.反常的abortion=a+bor(tobeborn)+tionn.堕胎absorb=ab+sorb(tosuckup吸吮)v.吸收，吸取abuse=ab+usevt.滥用abrupt=ab+ruptadj.突然的abstract=abs+tractadj.抽象的n.摘要abundant=ab+und(bound束缚)+antadj.丰富的3.anti=against,oppositeto(与pro-相反)anti-abortionistn.反堕胎者anti-communistadj.反共的anti-Japaneseadj.the~War抗日战争anti-socialyoungmen反社会的年轻人4.bene=good,wellbenefit=bene+fit(=fact=do)做好事→vt.有益于beneficialadj.有益的benevolent=bene+vol(wish)+entadj.慈善的bonusn.奖金，红利（英语中的better,best与此词根有关）5.bi=double,two成双的，两个的bicycle=bi+cycle(圈)n.双轮车→自行车bilingual=bi+lingua(language语言)adj.双语的bimonthly=bi+month+lyadj.双月的n.双月刊biweekly=bi+week+lyadj.双周的n.双周刊6.dua,duo=double,twodoubleadj.双重的,v.使加倍doubt=beoftwominds(二心不定)vt.,n.怀疑dozen=do(du)+zen(ten)=2+10=12n.一打dual=du+al(形容词词尾)adj.二重的，两层的Shehasdualnationality.双重国籍dueln.决斗duetn.二重唱，二重奏Theyplayedaduet.7.twi=twotwiceadj.两次twilight=lightbetweendayandnightn.清晨;黄昏twinn.双生子twist=两股绳子绞在一起v.扭曲，缠卷8.tri=threetrianglen.三角triben.部落tricyclen.三轮车triplev.使成三倍n.三倍的Theproductiontripled.9.qua,quadr=fourquarter→一小时的四分之一=一刻钟quartetn.四重奏quarterlyn.季刊10.circum=around,roundaboutcirclen.圆圈circulatevi.流通20 circularadj.循环的circuitn.一圈，一周；电路circumstance=circum+stan(tostand)+ce(名词词尾)n.环境，情况1.com,con,col=together,withcombat=com+bat(tobeat打)→彼此对打→v.战斗combine=com+bine(two)vt.结合，联合communicate=com+muni(tochange)+catev.交流compose=com+pose(toput)→放在一起→v.组成collaboration=col+labor+at(动词词尾)+ion共同劳动→n.合作collect=col+lect(togather集合)vt.收集concentrate=con+centr(中心)+ate（动词词尾）v.集中，专心conclude=con+clued(toclose)→一起关闭v.下结论cf.include=in+cludev.包括在内exclude=ex+cludev.排除在外conflict=con+flict(tostrike打)互相打→vi.冲突，矛盾conjunction=con+junc(tojoin)+tion结合起来n.连接词；结合，巧合consent=con+sent(tofeel感觉)→共同的感觉→vi.同意convoy=con+voy(way)同走一条路→n.护航，随行cf.convey=con+vey(way)归于同道vt.传达correct=cor+rect(right正确)vt.改正；adj.正确的2.contra，contro,counter=against反对，相反contradict=contra+dict(tospeak←dictation)v.反驳，否认contrary=conra+ary(形容词词尾)adj.相反的contrast=contra+st(tostand)v.对照，对比counterpart=counter+partn.相对的人或物encounter=en(使得)+counter使相遇vt.遇到3.de=down,downward往下，分离，否定，彻底debate=de(down)+bate(tobeat)→打倒→辩论deceive=de(away)+ceive(totake)→拿走→v.欺骗decide=de(off)+cide(tocut)→割开→v.决断，决定declare=de(thoroughly)+(clear)v.宣言，断言decrease=de(down)+crease(tomake)v.下降，减产cf.increase=in(up)+creasev.增加，增产deform=de(away)+formv.使残废depart=de(away)+partv.离开depict=de(thoroughly)+pict(topaint)v.描画4.dis=apart,away分离，除去，剥夺，反对，否定disable=dis+ablev.使丧失能力，使残废disagree=dis(not)+agreev.不同意disapprove=dis(not)+ap+provev.不赞成discourage=dis(apart剥夺)+couragev.使沮丧，使气馁disperse=dis(away)+sperse(toscatter分散)v.驱散dispose=dis(apart)+pose(toplace)v.处置display=dis(apart)+play(tofold折叠)v.将折叠起来的东西展开来使能看到→展示，阵列distinguish=dis(away)+tinguishv.区别，区分distant=dis(away)+stan(tostand)+tadj.远距离的5.en=in,into,on,at,near在内→使进入某种状态，使成为enactvt.使成为法律→制定法律enclosevt.围绕，包围，把……纳入encouragevt.使有勇气→鼓励enjoyvt.使高兴，享受enlargevt.使扩大enrichvt.使富有empowervt.使有力6.ex=outof向外的，彻底的exact=ex+actadj.精确的example=ex+ample(totake)n.例子exceed=ex+ceed(togo)v.超出，超越excel=ex+cel(torise)v.胜过，卓尔不群→excellentadj.优秀的，excellence优秀exchange=ex+changev.相互交换，交流exit=ex+it(togo)n.出口expand=ex+pand(tospread)v.扩展expect=ex+spect(tolook)v.期望，预料expire=ex+spire(tobreathe)v.吐气，期满educate=e+ducate(tolead导出)v.教导，教育elect=e+lect(toselect)v.选举eliminate=e+limi(tolimit限制)+nate（动词词尾）v.去除，消除7.extra=beyond超出extracurricularactivities课外活动extraordinaryadj.非同寻常的extremelyadv.非常地，极端地8.fore,for=before以前，之前,前面的forearmn.前臂，小臂forecastv.预报forefathern.祖先，前辈forefingern.食指forefrontn.前线20 foregoingadj.前文叙述的foregroundn.前景foreheadn.前额foremostadv.首先forerunnern.先驱foreseev.预见，预知foretellv.预言；预测forewordn.序言forwardadv.向前地n.前锋v.转寄1.hemi=half半个的hemicyclen.半圆hemisphere=hemi+sphere(球体)n.半球2.homo=same相同的homogeneousadj.成分一致的(如国内学生班级)cf.heterogeneous成分混杂的（如国际班）homographn.同形异义词homophonen.同音词homosexualadj.同性恋的3.hetero=different不同种类的heterosexualadj.异性恋的4.in,il,im,ir=in,into,on内在的，进入某种状态的incomen.收入include=in+clude(←close关闭)v.包括在内increase=in+crease(togrow)n.增加cf.decrease降低，减少indooradj.~games室内运动inflation=in+flate(toblow吹气)n.向内吹气→使膨胀→通货膨胀influence=in+fluence(toflow流动)n.向内流动→使受影响inject=in+ject(tothrow投掷)v.向内注射→打针insert=in+sert(tojoin加入)v.嵌入，插入inspect=in+spec(tolook)v.向内看→视察involve=in+volve(toroll旋转)v.卷入其中implement=in+ple(tofill装满)+mentv.充满其中→实施n.farmimplements农具cf.musicalinstruments乐器familyappliances家用电器import=im+port(tocarry)v.,n.带进去→进口impose=im(on,upon)+pose(toplace放置)v.置于其上→强加5.in,il,ir=not,negative否定inappropriate=in+appropriate合适的adj.不合适的，不恰当的inconvenient=in+convenientadj.不方便的infinite=in+finite有限的adj.无限的6.inter,intel,=between,among两者间的interaction=inter+actionn.互动interchange=inter+changev.交换interconnectedadj.彼此相互联系的internetn.互联网interpret=inter+pret(=prec=price)在两者之间确定价值→阐释，翻译internshipn.实习internn.实习生intervene=internet+vene(tocome)vt.介于两者之间→干预,调停intervenebetweentwoquarrellingstudentsinterfere=inter+fere(tostrike打)彼此对打→vt.干涉Neverinterferebetweenhusbandandwife.internationalaffairs国际事务interpersonalrelations人际关系interstatefair州际集市7.intra,intro=within,inward内部的（与extra-相反）intra-schoolreform学校内部的改革introspect=intro+spect向内看→内省introverted=intro+vert(toturn)+edadj.内向的cf.extrovertedadj.外向的8.macro=large大的，long长的macroeconomicsn.宏观经济学macro-listening综合技能听力训练9.micro=small小的microeconomicsn.微观经济学micro-listeningn.微技能听力下训练microbiologyn.microphone=micro+phone(sound)n.使声音由小变大n.扩音器，麦克风microscopen.显微镜microwaven.Microsoft10.mal,male=badly,ill坏的（与bene-相反）malicious=mal+ciousadj.恶意的，蓄意的malfunction=mal+functionn.机能不全，故障malnutrition=mal+nutritionn.营养不良maltreat=mal+treatvt.虐待11.mis=wrongly,badly,ill错误地misbehave=mis+behavev.行为不端misleading=mis+lead+ingadj.误导的20 mistaken.misunderstandv.1.mono=single,alone单独的，单个的monocycle=mono+cyclen.独轮车monologue=mono+loguen.独白monolingual=mono+lingualn.只会说一种语言的monopolize=mono+pol(tosell)+ize独家贩卖→垄断2.multi=many,much多的multicolorn.多种颜色multiculturaladj.多元文化的multilingualadj.会多种语言的multimediateachingn.多媒体教学multifunctionclassroomn.多功能教室3.ne=negative,not否定neverneithernornone=notone,notanay=no4.non=not否定non-profitorganization非营利组织non-governmentorganization非政府组织non-linealformula非线性方程5.neo=new新的neoclassicismn.新古典主义neocolonialismn.新殖民主义6.out=beyond超出outgrowvt.比~长得更大、更快或更长等Theboyhasoutgrownhiscoat.长高了衣服穿不下outrunvt.比~跑得快Therabbitoutranthetortoise.兔子比乌龟跑得快outlinen.轮廓，概要※注意：一些动词短语倒过来可构成与原意相似的复合名词或形容词，如：outbreakn.爆发←breakout爆发outcomen.结果←comeout出现outcryn.叫喊；抗议←cryout高声呼叫outletn.出口←letout放出outlookn.展望←lookout小心；警戒outputn.产出←putout出产outspokenadj.直言不讳的←speakout呼吁7.over=above,across,beyond在…之上，跨过；覆盖，超越，胜过；过度，太过overpass(Amr.E.)n.立交桥（overbridgeBrit.E.）cf.bypassn.外环线overactv.动作过度overcomev.克服overcrowdedadj.过度拥挤的overeatv.吃得太多overestimatev.对…估计过高overloadedadj.超载overlookv.看漏；俯视；监视overseev.监督；监视overturnv.推翻overwhelmv.使淹没他因为父亲去世悲痛至极。Hewasoverwhelmedbythedeathofhisfather.overwhelmingadj.势不可挡的,压倒一切的;巨大的an~electoralvictory压倒性胜选Thecandylookedoverwhelminglydesirabletothekids.8.under=beneath在下面；不够的，不足的underdevelopedcountries不发达国家underestimatev.低估undergov.遭受，经历undergraduaten.本科生under-documentedadj.记录不充分的underemploymentn.就业不充分cf.unemploymentn.失业undertakev.从事，担任9.para=beside,against,contrary旁边的，相对应的paragraphn.段落paralleladj.平行的；v.平行10.per=through,thoroughly全面地，完全地perceive=per(thoroughly)+ceive(totake)全身心感受→v.知觉perfect=per+fect(=fact=make做)彻底做好→adj.完美的perform=per+form(toprovide提供)→全面供给→v.实行，履行permanent=per+man(toremain)+ent→一直存在的→adj.永久的，耐久的permit=per+mit(tosend发送)通行无阻→v.许可persist=per+sist(tostand站)一直站着→v.坚持不懈persuade=per+suade(toadvise劝说)彻底地劝告→v.说服11.pre=before事前，事先predict=pre+dict(tosay)v.预言，预知preview=pre+viewv.预习preface=pre+face(tospeak)n.前言prefer=pre+fer(tocarry)先拿到前面v.偏好；宁愿要prejudice=pre+judice(judgment判断)n.偏见premature=pre+matureadj.早熟prepare=pre+pare(togetready)v.事先准备pretend=pre+tend(tostretch)在前面硬撑→v.假装20 present=pre+sent(being存在)adj.现在的v.送给cf.absent=ab+sent不在场president=pre+sid(tosit)+ent坐在前面的人→n.主席，总统，校长，总裁prevail=pre+vail(tobestrong)比其它东西强壮→vi.盛行，流行prevent=pre+vent(tocome)防止…到来→vt.阻止，防止previous=pre+vi(=via=way)+ous前面走过的路的→adj.以前的，先前的1.post=after,behind在…之后的thepostwarperiodadj.战后时期postdoctoralresearch博士后研究postgraduaten.研究生postpone=post+pone(toput)置于其后，延期2.pro=forward,forth朝前，向前proceed=pro+ceed(togo)往前走→vi.继续前行→process=pro+cess(ceed的名词形式)n.过程→processionn.游行队伍→procedure=pro+ced(=ceed)+uren.手续cf.precede=pre+cede(=ceed)vi.先行proclaim=pro+claim(tocryoutloud)在众人前喊叫→宣布，声明produce=pro+duce(tolead引出)向前引出→v.生产profit=pro+fit(=fact=make)做出来→vi.获利profound=pro+found(ground地基)→adj.深奥的program=pro+gram(writing)公开写的告示→n.节目，计划progress=pro+gress(towalk)向前走→n.v.进步prohibit=pro+hibit(≈habit=tohold)提前阻止→vt.禁止~sbfromdoingsthpro`ject=pro+ject(tothrow)v.投影于...上;计划做…`projectn.项目，计划prolongv.延长prominent=pro+min(toholdout探出，突出)+entadj.突出的，卓越的a~physicistpromise=pro+mise(tosend)事前发出→v.n.承诺promote=pro+mote(tomove)向前移动→vt.升职pronounce=pro+nounce(totell)人前告知→vt.宣告；发音→pronunciationn.发音proportion=pro+port(part部分)+ionn.比例Hisheadisnotin~tohisbody.propose=pro+pose(toput)置于前方→vt.提出建议prospect=pro+spect(tolook)向前看→n.前景protect=pro+tect(tocover遮蔽)在前面遮蔽→v.保护→protectionn.保护→protectorn.保护人provide=pro+vide(=vis=see)先看见→~for供养~sthforsb为某人提供某物3.re=again重复，再次；back返回，回头recall=re+callv.n.回顾，回忆recite=re+cite(呼叫)v.背诵，重述reclaim=re+claim(tocryou高声喊叫)vt.要求归还；开拓（荒地）recognize=re+cognize(toknow认识)vt.认出recommend=re+commend(command要求)重新要求→vt.推荐re`cord=re+cord(heart)→重新记在心里→vt.记录cf.`recordn.记录recruit=re+cruit(togrow)→再次成长→vt.招募新生/新兵reduce=re+duce(tolead引导)→引导回归→vt.减少refer=re+fer(tocarry携带)→带回→vt.提及，言及→referentialbooks参考书→referencen.参考reform=re+form→改变形式→v.n.改革，修正refugee=re+fug(toflee)+ee→n.难民reinforce=re+in+forcevt.增援，加强兵力reject=re+ject(tothrow)→抛回→vt.拒绝；驳回relax=re+lax(toloosen放松)v.放松relieve=re+lieve(=lev=toraise抬起)→使再站起来vt.减轻（痛苦）~thepainofthepatientsremedy=re+med(toheal治疗)+y词尾n.治疗方法v.治愈Renaissance=re+naiss(≈native≈birth)+ance→重获新生→n.文艺复兴renewv.更新，换新repeat=re+peat(tospeak)v.重复；跟着说repetitionn.重复reply=re+ply(tofold折叠)v.回复，回答report=re+port(tocarry携带)→带回→vt.汇报reputation=re+put(e)(tothink思考)+ationn.重新掂量n.名誉require=re+quire(toseek追求)vt.（上对下）要求`researchn.研究re`searchonsth对…进行研究restriction=re+strict+ionn.限制restore=re+store(toestablish建立)vt.恢复；修补~orderinthisareare`sume=re+sume(totake拿起)v.继续；重新开始`resumen.简历retire=re+tire(todraw)拉回来→v.退休；隐退retrieve=re+trieve(tofind找回)→vt.取回，收回reunion=re+uni(one)+on再成为一体→n.重聚；团圆reveal=re(back)+veal(toveil带面纱)→拿开面纱→揭露事实→vt.显示真相20 →revelationn.暴露，揭露revenue=re+venue(tocome)收回金库的东西→n.总收入revise=re+vise(tosee)vt.修改，校订revive=re+vive(tolive)v.使复活，重振1.semi=half一半的semicirclen.半圆形semicolonn.分号semiconsciousn.半昏迷状态semiconductorn.半导体semidiameter=semi+dia(through穿过)+meter(tomeasure测量)→n.半径←diametern.直径semifinaln.半决赛semivoweln.半元音（w,y）2.sub,sus,su=under向下的；从属的；附属的subtract=sub+tract(拉)往下拉→vt.减去6subtractedby2is4.subconsciousness=sub+conscious+ness→下面的意识→n.潜意识subject=sub+ject(tothrow)往下投掷→vt.使臣服，使受支配n.臣民；学科；主题adj.易受…的，受支配的submit=sub+mit(tosend)从下方送→vt.屈服于；提出（报告等）→submissionn.屈服；提交substance=sub+stan(stand)+ce立于表面现象之下的东西→n.实质，实体；物质→substantialadj.数量可观a~improvementsubstitute=sub+stitute(toplace放置)从下面放置→vt.替代~anewchairforthebrokenonesubtitle=sub+titilen.副标题；电影字幕suburb=sub+urb(城市)n.城市的郊区cf.urbanadj.城市的subway=sub+way下面的道路→n.地铁succeed=suc+ceed(togo)跟随着走→v.继承；成功→n.success成功→n.successor继承人suffer=suf+fer(tocarry,tobear承受)在下面忍受→v.受苦；忍受suggest=sug+gest(tocarry)从下面拿上来→v.提议→n.suggestion建议support=sup+port(tocarry)在下面撑着→v.支持→n.supporter支持者suspect=su+spect(tolook)从下面往上看→v.怀疑→n.suspicion怀疑adj.suspicious怀疑的sustain=sus+tain(tohold保持)从下面护护持v.维持；供应→adj.sustainable~development可持续发展3.super,sur=above,over表面的；上面的；超级的superficial=super+fici(face)+aladj.表面的；肤浅的supermann.supermarketn.superior=super+ior(拉丁语表示比较级词尾)较上面的→adj.较好的；优秀的；占优势的Issocialismsuperiortocapitalism?→n.上司；长辈；优秀的人supersonic=super+son(sound)+icadj.超音速的supervise=super+vise(tosee)从上面看→v.监督→n.supervisor上司，上级surfacen.surpassn.sur`vey=sur+vey(toview看)从高远处仔细全面观察→眺望；全面概述；全面调查`surveyn.全面的观察；论述；调查survive=sur+vive(tolive)胜过…而生存→v.经历某种灾难而幸存Fewpeoplesurvivedthisearthquake.4.syn=with,together共同的；合成的syntax=syn+tax(text)n.句法symboln.象征；符号；记号synthetic=syn+the(toput放置)+tic形容词词尾→把东西放在一起的→adj.合成的~rubber合成橡胶naturalfibersandsynthetics天然纤维和合成纤维sympathy=sym+pathy(feeling)共有的感情→同情；同感→adj.sympathetic有同情心的symphony=sym+phony(sound)n.交响乐symptomsn.症状；症候system=sy(=syn)+ste(tostand)+m(=ment)名词词尾→站在一起的事物→n.系统；体系；制度→systematicreading系统的阅读5.tele=faroff远程的telegram=tele+gram(writing)n.电报telephone=tele+phonen.电话telescope=tele+scope(tolook)n.望远镜television=tele+vis(tosee)+ionn.电视telecommunication=tele+communicationn.电信6.trans=across,over,beyond穿过；跨越transaction=trans+actionn.交易transcontinentaladj.跨越大洲的，洲际的transfer=trans+fer(tocarry)v.调职；转学；让渡transform=tans+formv.变形；变质transitionn.过渡；移交thepeacefultransitionofHongKongtoChina20 transportation=trans+port(tocarry)+ationn.交通运输translatev.翻译；解释translationn.翻译translatorn.transparent=trans+parent(=apparent)adj.透明的transmission=trans+mis(tosend)送到对面→传播；传达1.un=no没有…的；缺失…的unashamedadj.无羞耻的unattendedadj.无人照料的unauthorizedadj.未授权的uncertainty不确定uncivilized不文明的uncomfortableadj.unconditionaladj.unconsciousadj.无知觉的undecidedadj.undefinedadj.未明确定义的undesirableadj.不受欢迎的；惹人生厌的undisturbedadj.unfinishedadj.unfortunateadj.unhealthyadj.unparalleledadj.无可比拟的unprecedentedadj.无先例的；空前的unpredictableadj.不可预知的unreliableadj.unseasonablefruits不合季节的水果untidyadj.anunwelcomeguest不速之客unwillingadj.2.un=加在动词前，表示与此相反的动作unbuttonv.解开纽扣uncoverv.揭开盖子；揭露undov.解开；取消；废弃undressv.脱下衣服unearthv.挖掘；揭发unfoldv.展开；说明unpackv.打开（行李）取出；吐露unlockv.开锁；揭开unwindv.（把卷起的东西）解开；展开；使放松3.uni=one一个；一体uniformn.制服unionn.联合；一致；同盟；theStudents’Union学联theLaborUnion工会afamilyreunion家庭团圆unitn.单元；单位theUnitedStatesuniversal=uni+ver(toturn)+al=toturnintoone变成一体→全体的；全世界的；宇宙的universityn.综合性大学PartII后缀后缀改变词性i).名词后缀1.–an,-ian,-eanAmericann.美国人Asiann.亚洲人Europeann.欧洲人Germann.德国人magiciann.魔术师musiciann.音乐家physiciann.内科医生politiciann.政治家，政客cf.statesmann.政治家2.–ant,-entassistantn.助手consultantn.顾问descendant(de-向下)n.后裔ascendant(a-向上)n.祖先emigrantn.(自本国移居他国的)移民immigrantn.（自外国移入的）移民inhabitantn.居民servantn.仆人，服务者agentn.代理人clientn.客户correspondentn.记者，通讯员respondentn.应诉的人，被告ingredientn.（食品等的）成分studentn.3.–er,–ess,–ee,–eer,–orbrokern.经纪人employern.employeen.examinern.examineen.interviewern.intervieween.committeen.engineern.pioneern.volunteern.20 actorn.actressn.emperorn.empressn.princessn.educatorn.monitorn.operatorn.tractorn.1.–eseChinesen.Beijingnesen.CantonesenShanghainesen.2.–man,-sman,-woman,-personchairmann.chairwomann.chairpersonn.spokespersonn.postmann.salesmann.salespersonn.sportsmann.statesmann.3.–istphysicistn.psychologistn.scientistn.socialistn.社会主义者capitalistn.资本家4.–ism,-asmcommunismn.共产主义enthusiasmn.热情humanismn.人道主义Marxismn.modernismn.multiculturalismn.多元文化论pluralismn.多极主义sexismn.性别论5.–ageadvantagen.disadvantagen.couragen.drainagen.枯竭←drainv.抽干shortagen.短缺6.–cyagencyn.代理处，经销处accuracyn.精确度bankruptcyn.破产efficiencyn.高效率deficiencyn.低效率fluencyn.流畅性tendencyn.趋势intimacyn.亲密7.–ence,-ancecoincidencen.偶然性evidencen.证据，依据，论据emergencen.慢慢的呈现dependencen.independencen.confidencen.信心performancen.表演，表现presencen.在场8.–domfreedomn.kingdomn.boredomn.9.–gy,-yastronomy=astro(star星星)+nom(toname命名)+yn.天文学biologyn.生理学criminologyn.犯罪学geographyn.philosophyn.哲学psychologyn.心理学physiologyn.生理学10.-icseconomicsn.mathematicslinguisticsn.语言学linguistn.语言学家physicsphysicistn.物理学家tacticsn.战术，策略11.–itudeattituden.altituden.高度gratituden.感激solituden.孤单12.–ionadditionn.20 administrationn.管理MBAanimationn.动画associationn.协会，联想civilizationn.constructionn.cremationn.（遗体）火化detectionn.探测detectiven.侦探，adetectivestory侦探小说democratizationn.民主化instructionn.指导integrationn.融入，结合investigationn.调查nutritionn.营养nutritiousadj.营养丰富的→nursen.护士nurturev.养育bynatureorbynurture天生的或后天的relationn.sectionn.部分divisionn.分化explosionn.爆炸exclusionn.排除在外inclusionn.包括在内permissionn.允许1.–mentadjustmentn.调整argumentn.争论assessmentn.评估，评价assignmentn.任务，作业commitmentn.全身心投入detachment=de+tach(touch)+mentn.超然的态度cf.attachmentn.附件engagementn.订婚；正式的承诺；交战entertainment=enter(inter)+tain(tohold保持)+mentn.两边都保持高兴→n.娱乐investmentn.投资judgmentn.movementn.treatmentn.2.–nesscarelessnessn.dizzinessn.晕眩goodnessn.happinessn.kindnessn.opennessn.richnessn.seriousnessn.3.–shipfriendshipn.partnershipn.citizenshipn.hardshipn.艰难困苦fellowshipn.同伴关系scholarshipn.奖学金，学术精神worshipn.崇拜4.–ty,-ety,-ityanxietyn.焦虑certaintyn.complexityn.creativityn.loyaltyn.忠诚povertyn.贫困priorityn.优先权productivityn.生产力safetyn.（人身的）安全securityn.（精神的）安全感5.–urecreaturen.动物，人类departuren.furnituren.literaturen.mixturen.temperaturen.venturen.风险企业v.~sthonsth冒险做某事failuren.disclosuren.揭露exposuren.暴露，曝光measuren.措施v.测量pressuren.proceduren.手续ii).形容词后缀1.–able,-ibleavailableadj.可利用的changeableadj.可改变的，易变的flexibleadj.有弹性的horribleadj.可怕的incredibleadj.难以置信的invincibleadj.不可战胜的20 noticeableadj.值得注意的reasonableadj.合理的；通人情的terribleadj.可怕的；糟糕的unforgettableadj.令人难忘的1.–al,-ialaccidentaladj.偶然的annual(ann=year)adj.每年的criticaladj.关键的crucialadj.至关重要的digitaladj.数字式的mechanicaladj.机械的mentaladj.思想的physicaladj.物理的；物质的punctualadj.守时的，准时的spiritualadj.精神的racialadj.人种的ruraladj.农村的2.–an,–ianAfricanadj.非洲的Americanadj.美国的Asianadj.亚洲的Europeanadj.欧洲的republicanadj.共和国的suburbanadj.郊区的3.–arycustomaryadj.习惯的elementaryadj.基础的，初步的temporaryadj.暂时的voluntaryadj.自愿的4.–icacademicadj.学术的chronicadj.长期的，慢性的a~diseasediplomaticadj.外交的，讲究策略的dramaticadj.戏剧性的economicadj.经济的geographicadj.地理的optimisticadj.乐观的pessimisticadj悲观的5.–engoldenadj.金色的woodenadj.木制的woolenadj.羊毛的6.–fuldreadfuladj.可怕的fruitfuladj.有收获的gracefuladj.优雅的regretfuladj.后悔的shamefuladj.可耻的resourcefuladj.足智多谋的thoughtfuladj.深思的；体贴别人的7.–ishbookishadj.好读书的；迂腐的greenishadj.呈绿色的childishadj.小孩子气的selfishadj.stylishadj.时尚的8.–iveeffectiveadj.有效的expensiveadj.昂贵的的intensiveadj.强化的imaginativeadj.有想象力的positiveadj.肯定的，积极地negativeadj.否定的，消极的preventiveadj.预防性的responsiveadj.积极反应的talkativeadj.9.–lessaimlessadj.漫无目的的heartlessadj.没有心肝的helplessadj.无助的hopelessadj.没有希望的；没治的pricelessadj.极贵重的，无价之宝的restlessadj.坐立不安的senselessadj.没有知觉的，不省人事的shamelessadj.无羞耻心的shapelessadj.不成形的；形状丑陋的valuelessadj.毫无价值的cf.invaluable无价之宝的10.–likebusinesslikeadj.公事公办的childlikeadj.天真无邪的ladylikeadj.如贵妇的，优雅的gentlemanlikeadj.像绅士一样的11.–lybodilyadj.身体上的costlyadj.昂贵的，代价高昂的deadlyadj.致命的deadlypoison致命的毒药friendlyadj.友好的，友善的，20 earthlyadj.大地的；世俗的heavenlyadj.天堂的leisurelyadj.悠闲的monthlyadj.每月的timelyadj.及时的worldlyadj.世俗的，现世的，世故的1.–ousambitiousadj.雄心勃勃的enviousadj.羡慕的，嫉妒的erroneousadj.有错误的furiousadj.愤怒的gloriousadj.光荣的gorgeousadj.精彩的；棒极了industriousadj.勤奋的previous=pre前面的+vi生命+ousadj.以前的righteousadj.公正的，正直的spaciousadj.空间大的；空旷的spontaneousadj.即兴的tremendousadj.巨大的viciousadj.邪恶的virtuousadj.品德高尚的2.–somelonesomeadj.孤单的tiresomeadj.令人疲倦的；吃力的troublesomeadj.使人苦恼的，麻烦的wearisomeadj.令人疲倦的；使人厌烦的wholesomeadj.合乎卫生的；有益健康的3.–ybloodyadj.流血的；残忍的cloudyadj.foggyadj.rainyadj.snowyadj.windyadj.dreamyadj.梦游似的，心不在焉的greedyadj.贪婪的icyadj.似冰一样的spicyadj.辣的；泼辣的praiseworthyadj.值得称赞的iii).副词后缀1.–lyabsolutelyadv.绝对地actuallyadv.实际上constantlyadv.经常地continuallyadv.断断续续地continuouslyadv.连续不断地consistentlyadv.始终如一地endlesslyadv.无休止地gravelyadv.非常地gravelyill病情严重hardlyadv.immediatelyadv.立即地peacefullyadv.平和地，平静地permanentlyadv.永久地shortlyadv.不久；简略地steadilyadv.平稳地2.–sbesidesadv.此外，并且downstairsadv.go~下楼nowadaysadv.upstairsadv.go~上楼sometimesadv.有时3.–ward(s)afterwardadv.以后，之后backwardadv.向后地downwardadv.向下地homewardadv.回家（国）方向地northwardadv.向北地outwardadv.向外地southwardadv.向南地upwardadv.向上地，向上游地4.–way(s),-wisealwaysanywayadv.无论如何sideway(s)adv.横向地looksideways向两边看straightwayadv.立刻地clockwiseadv.顺时针地likewiseadv.同样地otherwiseadv.iv).动词后缀1.–ateAlternateAandB,~AwithBv.轮流安排A和Badj.轮流的→alternativelyadv.轮流地Shealternatedtheboysandgirlsaroundthetable.让男女同学相间围成一桌。cf.alterv.改变(形状、大小、位置等)Shealteredherovercoatintoapairofpants.congratulate=con(together)+gratu(grateful)v.庆贺isolate=iso(island)+atev.使孤立negotiatev.磋商，协商20 nominate=nomin(name)+atev.提名originate=origin+atev.起源于1.–endarkenv.变黑暗，使黑暗deepenv.挖深，加深fastenv.装牢，系紧hastenv.催促，促进heightenv.增高，增强lengthenv.加长，延长sharpenv.使锐利，削尖（铅笔等）strengthenv.加强，使坚固threatenv.威胁，威吓weakenv.使变弱widenv.加宽，拓宽（马路等）worsenv.（使）恶化，（使）变坏2.–fyclassifyv.分类→classificationn.fortifyv.加强，设防，证实identifyv.认明，辨认intensifyv.加强justifyv.证明……是合理正当的personifyv.拟人化purifyv.纯化，精炼qualifyv.使合格，使胜任satisfyv.signifyv.象征，表示……的意思simplifyv.简化specifyv.详细说明3.–izecivilizev.使文明化，使开化dramatizev.使戏剧化generalizev.使普及，概括organizev.组织realizev.实现；意识到specializev.专攻，专门研究symbolizev.象征utilizev.使用，利用PartIII词根词根决定单词的本义1.act=toact行动actv.行动；n.行为；法案；一幕actionn.行动；动作actoractressactiveactivityactuallyexactexactlyinteractiontransaction2.am=amour(法语)=tolove爱amateuramiableenemy3.angl=angle角angletrianglerectangleEngland=engl(angle)+land在角上的土地→英格兰4.anim=breath气息,mind心animalananimatedmovie动画片5.aud=tohear听audibleaudienceaudio-visualauditorium6.bio=life生命的biographyautobiographybiologyantibiotic7.cap=head头capitalcapitalistcapitalismcaptain8.ceed,cede,cess=togo去；行走accessaccessibleantecedentconcedeconcessionexceedexcessexcessivelyprecedeprecedentunprecedentedproceedprocessprocessionrecederecessionsucceedsuccessfulsuccessorsuccession9.ceive,cept,cip=totake接受；接收acceptacceptableconceive20 conceptdeceivedeceptivedeceptionexceptexceptionperceiveperceptionreceivereceiverreceptionreceptionistreceipt1.cent=hundred百centurythecentennialanniversaryofChairmao’sbirth10%=10percentpercentage2.chron=time时间的achronicdiseasechronologicalrecordofhistoricevents3.cide,cise=tocut切割concisedecidedecisiondecisivepreciseprecisionexercise4.cite=tocall呼喊citecitationexciteexcitementreciterecitation5.claim,clam=tocryout大声叫claimexclaimproclaimproclamationreclaimreclamation6.cline,clim=tobend弯曲declineinclinereclineclimbclimax7.clud,clos=toshutcloseconcludeconclusiondisclosedisclosureencloseexcludeexclusiveexclusionincludeinclusiveinclusion8.cognis,gnos=toknow认识；认知cognitivediagnoseignoreignorantignorancerecognizerecognizablerecognition9.commun=common共同的communistcommunismcommunicatecommunity10.cord=hear心的accordingtocoreconcordn.和谐；和睦couragecourageousdiscouragediscouragementencourageencouragementdiscord`recordre`cord11.cosmo=universe宇宙的cosmoscosmopolitancosmonautcf.astronaut12.count=tocount计算accountaccountantaccountingdiscount13.cre,cres=tomake制造；togrow生长createcreatorcreationcreativecreativitycreatureconcretedecreaseincreaserecreaterecreation14.cre=tobelieve相信creditcreditablecreeddiscreditable15.cur,course=torun流；跑currencycurrentlycurriculumoccurcoursediscourse16.dem=people民众democracydemocraticdemocratdemographyepidemic17.dic,dict=tosay说dictatedictationdictatordictionary20 contradictionpredictprediction1.dom=totame驯服；torule统治dominatedomainkindom2.duc,duct=tolead领导；引导`conductcon`ductdeductioninductioneducationeducatorproduceproductionproductiveproductivityproductreducereductionseduceseduction3.dyn,dynamo=power力量MingDynasty明朝theSchoolofThermodynamics热能动力学学院4.electr=electric电的；电力的electricityelectricpowerelectron电子electronicengineering电子工程5.equ=equal相等的；平等的equalunequalequalityequationequivalentadequate6.fac,fect,fi=tomake做，制作；todo做factfactorfactoryfacilityfacultymanufacturedifficultyaffecteffectdefectinfectperfectefficiencydeficiencyprofitproficiencyofficeofficersacrificesufficient7.fer=tocarry搬运；tobear承受ferryconferencereferencedifferenceinferofferprefersuffertransfer8.fid,faith=tobelieve相信fidelityinfidelityconfidentialconfidenceconfidentfaithfaithful9.fin=toend结束finishfinalfinancefinancialfiniteinfiniteconfinedefinedefinition10.flect,flex=tobend弯曲flexibleinflexibleinflectionreflectreflection11.form=toform形成；形状formalinformalformationformulaconformtodeformedinforminformationinformativeperformperformancereformreformationtransformtransformationuniform12.fort,force=strong强壮fortfortifyfortresscomfortcomfortablediscomforteffortforceenforce13.fract,frag=tobreak打破fractionfracturefragment14.fuse=topour倾；倒confuseconfusionrefuserefusal15.gen,gener=toproduce生产generic类的，属的generalgeneralizegenerategenerationgenesisgenius20 genetics1.grad,gress=towalk行走gradegradualgraduatedegradeupgradeaggressionprogressregression2.graph,gram=towritegrammardiagramprogramtelegrambiographycalligraphyparagraph3.grav=heavy重的gravegravitygrief4.ject=tothrow投；掷ejectinjectobjectprojectrejectsubject5.journ=day一日journaljournalistjourney6.lect,leg=tochoose选择；togather收集collectintellectualelectelectionneglectselect7.lev=toraiset升；举；light轻的lever杠杆levelrelievereliefelevator8.log=tospeak说话dialoguemonologueprologueepiloguelogicalapologizephysiologypsychology9.man,manu=managemanagermanuallabormanufacture10.mechan=machine机器的mechanicsmechanicalmechanism11.med=toheal治疗medicinemedicaltreatmentremedy12.memor=toremember记忆memorymemorizecommemorateremembermemo13.migr=toremove移动；towander漂泊migrateimmigrantemigrant14.min=small小的diminishminimizeminorminorityminiskirt15.mit,mis=tosend发送admitadmissionemitemissionomitomissionpermitpermissionsubmitsubmissiontransmittransmissioncommitcommitteecompromisepromisedismiss16.mort=death死mortalimmortal17.move,mob,mot=tomove移动movemovementremoveremovalmobamobilephoneautomobilemotionemotionmotivatemotorpromoteremotemoment18.nat=born出生的nationnativenatureRenaissance19.nav,nau=ship船的；航行的astronautnavynavigate20.nect=tobind连结；绑connectconnectioninterconnection21.nov=new新的novelnovelistnovicen.新手innovationrenovation22.part,port=part部分；topart分开；分离partapart20 departdeparturepartialimpartialparticleparticularlypartnerparticipateparticipationportionproportion1.pend=tohang悬挂pendulumn.钟摆dependdependentindependentexpendexpensesuspendpension2.pel,puls=todrive驱动；推动compelcompellingexpelpropelrepelappealimpulse3.phon=sound声音telephonemicrophonephoneticsphoneticiansymphony4.pict=topain描写picturedepictdepiction5.plaud,plode=tostrike打；击applaudapplauseexplodeexplosion6.plen,plete,ple,pli=tofill充满plentycompletecomplementcomplimentimplementsupplementaccomplish7.popul,publ=people人populationpopularpublicrepublicpublish8.port=tocarryportableadj.portern.importexportreportdeportsupporttransportsport9.pos=toput;toplace放置posepostpositioncomposedisposeexposeimposeopposeproposesuppose10.preci=price价值；价格pricepreciousappreciatepraise11.press=topress压pressv.压pressurecompressdepressexpressimpressoppresssuppress12.prim,prem,prin=first第一的primeprimaryprimitivepremierprinceprincipleprincipal13.pute=tothink思考computercomputationdisputereputation14.quest,quire=toask追问；toseek追求questionrequestconquestacquireacquisitioninquireinquiryrequirerequirement15.rupt=tobreak打破abruptbankruptcorruptdisrupteruptinterrupt16.scal,scend=toclimb登；爬scaleascendascendantdescenddescendant17.scribe,script=towrite写scribblev.潦草书写describeinscribeprescribemanuscriptn.transcript18.sect，seg=tocut切割section部门sector行业insectintersectionsegmentracialsegregation19.sed,sess,sid=tosit坐20 sedimentassessassessmentpossessobsesspresidepresidencyresideresidentsubsidizesubsidy1.sequ,secut,su=tofollow跟随sequencesubsequentconsequentlyconsecutivelypursue=pur(pro=forth向前)+sue(follow)v.追求pursuitn.追求2.serv=toserve服务；tokeep保持serveserviceservantconservedeserveobservepreservereserve3.sist,stitut,sta,st=tostand站立assistantexistentconsistentresistantirresistibleinsistentpersistentsubstancesubstantial4.spec(t),spi=lookat,examine看，审视expectexpectationunexpectedrespectrespectablerespectfuldisrespectfulinspectinspectioninspectorprospectsuspectretrospectspectaclespectacularspeculatespeculationsuspectsuspiciousspy5.solv,solut=toloosen放松solvesolutiondissolve=dis(apart)+solve分解开来→v.溶解resolvev.解决absolutelyresoluteresolution6.stru,struct=tobuild建筑structureconstructconstructiondestructdestructioninstructinstructioninstructiveinstructorobstructobstruction7.tain,ten,tin=tohold;tokeep保持containentertainmaintainobtainsustain8.tect=tocover遮蔽detectdetectiondetectivedetectorprotectprotectionprotectiveprotector9.tempor=time时间的temporarycontemporarytempern.脾气theTempest《暴风雨》莎士比亚喜剧10.tend,tens,tent=tostretch张开tendtendencyattendattentionextendextensionextensiveextentintendintentionintensiveadj.密集的；强化性的intenseadj.紧张的；强烈的11.tour,torn=toturn转动tourtouristtourismtournament12.tract=draw,pull拉，拽，扯attractattractiveattractiondistractdistractioncontractcontractioncontractiblesubtractsubtractionextractextractionextractorabstractabstractiontractortraction13.tribut=topay付；togiveasagift赠与tributeattributecontributecontributiondistributedistribution14.vac,van,void=empty空的20 vacantvacancyvacationcf.vocationn.天职；职业vocationaltraining职业培训vacuumevacuatevainvanishavoid1.val,vail=strong强壮；worth价值valueinvaluablevaluablevaluelessevaluationdevaluationundervaluationn.低估价值validvalidityinvalidvalorn.勇气prevailavailable2.var,vari=diverse不同的；tochange变化variablevariedvarious3.ven,vent=tocome来到adventureventureconventionconvenientinventpreventavenuerevenue4.vers,vert=toturn转向；改变avertadvertiseconversationdiversitydiversifyreverseinvertedorder5.vi,voy=way路viaviaductn.高架桥voyageconveyconvoyn车队；船队envoyn.外交使者6.vict,vinc=toconquer征服victoryvictorinvincibleconvinceconvincingconvictionn.信念；信服7.vis,vid=tosee看见visavisitvisibleinvisiblevisiontelevisionvisualvisualizevistan.远景；展望adviseadviceadvisorrevisesupervise8.viv,vig,veg=tolive生存；lively有活力的vividvitaminvitalvitalityrevivesurvivevigorousvegetable9.voc,voke=voice声音；tocall喊叫vocaln.声乐的；用言语表达的vocalistvocabularyvocationn.天职（奉神谕所做的职业）advocateprovokeprovocativeavow10.vol=will意志；意愿volunteervoluntaryinvoluntary11.volve,volut=toroll滚；卷evolutionevolutionistinvolveinvolvementrevolverevolution2020 英语常见象形词、同形异义词等象形词20▲字母“S”多与人的动作有关：STANDsit,see,sleep,scan,skim,skate,ski,skip,slap,slip,slide,skin,skull,skeleton,skill,slave,slow,slim,slendersmell,smile,sniff,sneeze,snore,snoopyspeak,speech,spit,spell,speedstare,starve,stay,study,student,steal,standard,state,status,steady,stillstep,stop,sting,strength,strike,striveswim,swing,swell,sweep▲字母“F”多与火焰、流动、飘动:FIREflame,fly,flight,flag,float,flow,fluid,flood,flushfluent,fluency,influence,influential,influenza,swineflu▲字母“M”常含有中间的、柔和的、母亲的的意思middle，theMid-autumnDay,mid-fielder,amidst,among,mean,medium,media,mediate,Mediterranean地中海,intermediatelevel中级水平mildtemper,moderatechanges;mother,maternallove,mammal,moon,month▲字母“W”常含弯曲的、扭动的意思:WAVEweave,wing,swing,wind,walk,waist,wait,waltz,waywrist,wrinkle,wring,wrestle,wrap,write,wrong,aship-wreck同形同音异义词bank银行；河岸bat蝙蝠；球拍bear熊；忍受book书本；预定check支票；检查；阻挠fine好；罚款match比赛；火柴mean中间的；卑鄙的miss错过；想念；小姐lean倚靠；瘦的post邮政；职位press压；新闻(thepress)produce生产；农产品spring春天；弹簧；弹跳wound伤口；蜿蜒同形异音异义词`desertn.沙漠de`sertv.抛弃`conductn.行为con`ductv.实施`contentn.内容con`tenta.满足的`insultn.侮辱in`sultv.侮辱`objectn.物体ob`jectv.反对`permitn.通行证per`mitv.允许做`presentn.礼物pre`sentv.奉送`projectn.项目pro`jectv.投影于`recordn.记录re`cordv.录制bown.蝴蝶结bowv.n.鞠躬leadv.领导leadn.铅livev.住，生活livea.现场直播的tearn.眼泪tearv.撕破minuten.分钟minutev.微小的形近词1)adaptadopt2)beerbearbare3)dessertdesert4)diedye5)principleprincipal6)possessprocessprocessionprocedure7)suitsuite8)throughthorough20 词汇丛法举例FOOTBALLfootballer,forward/striker,midfielder,back,goalkeeper,captain,squad,headcoach,scoreagoal,kicktheballintothegoal,shootafreekick,doacorner,passtheball,footballmatch,quarterfinal,semi-final,final,referee,linesman,cheerteam,socceraddicts/tricksEnglandbeat/upset/crashedChelsea2-0andthefootballfansonthespectators’standdidtheMexicanwave.FIFA(TheFédérationInternationaledeFootballAssociation国际足球联合会)UEFA(UnionofEuropeanFootballAssociations欧洲足球联合会)Ronaldinho罗纳尔迪尼奥Ifyouthinkofsoccertricks,Ronaldinhoisonethefirstnamesthatcomesupinyourmind.HeisthetypicalBrazilianstreetsoccerplayer,butbetter.Ronaldinhoseemstohavetotalcontrolovertheballandhemakesitlooksoeasy.Buthowdidhecomesofar?Well,hereishislifestory.RonaldinhoGaúchowasbornon21stMarch1980inPortoAlegre,Brazil.Hewasborninafamilyofsocceraddicts.Ronaldinhoandhisfamilylivedinawoodenhouseintheslum（贫民窟）.Hisfatherplayedforalocalsoccerclub.Togetby,heworkedasacarparkattendantandalsoinalocalshipyard.Tohisdeepestgrief,hisfatherwasdrownedinaswimmingpoolwhenhewas8yearsold.Ronaldinhoreallystartedtomakeanameforhimselfattheageof13whenhescoredall23goalsina23-0victoryagainstalocalteam.Ronaldinhowasconsideredawonderchildfromtheageof17.HeplayedfortheBrazilianU-17squadattheU-17WorldChampioninEgyptin1997.Hescoredhisfirstgoalfromapenaltyinthe7-0victoryagainstAustria.In1999,heplayedalotofinternationalmatches.HewaspartoftheBrazilianYouthSquadintheFIFAWorldYouthChampionship.There,hescoredhisfirstgoalinthegroupstage.HethenscoredtwiceagainstCroatiainthe1/16final.RonaldinhoparticipatedintheWorldCupin2002.HescoredtwiceandBrazilwonina2-0victoryoverGermanyinthefinal.RonaldinhowasnamedtheFIFAWorldPlayeroftheYear(足球先生)in2004and2005andhewaschosenfortheUEFATeamoftheYeartwiceconsecutively.20