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1、2.不定式(infinitive)类别1.动名词(gerund)3.分词(participle)动名词TheGerund动名词,顾名思义,具有双重作用:它既有动词的作用(后面可加自己的宾语),又有名词的作用(可以做句子的主语、宾语等)。定义一、动名词作主语例子1:Constantdroppingwearsastoneaway.例子2:SpeakingEnglishfluentlyneedsalotofpractice.二、动名词作表语例子1.Yourjobwillbebabysitting.例子2.T
2、heproblemwithmeisrememberingnewwords.三、动名词作宾语有些动词只能接动名词做宾语,而不能接不定式。这是考试中常见的考点。请大家务必多练多用多读多说,尽量培养语感,这比单纯死记硬背这些枯燥的词汇要容易得多。常见的动词有:advise,admit,appreciate,avoid,allow,bear,can'thelp,cease,delay,deny,discourage,enjoy,envy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,imagine,k
3、eep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,risk,等等。例句:1.Sheadmittedstealing(havingstolen)thebicycle.2.Icouldn’thelplaughingafterIheardthenews.3.Thecompanyhasceasedtradinginthisarea.4.Whencanyoufinishwritingthenovel?5.Wouldyoumindworkingovertimewithoutbeingp
4、aid?练习:1Markoftenattemptstoescape_____wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A)havingbeenfinedB)tohavebeenfinedC)tobefinedD)beingfined2.Peopleappreciate____withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.A)toworkB)tohaveworkedC)workingD)havingworking选择题:汉译英:1.她不想冒着失去工
5、作的危险。(risk)Shedoesn’twanttorisklosingherjob.2.他拒不承认他对这个计划有任何的了解。(deny)Hedeniedknowinganythingabouttheplan.3.这只鸟没有被射中。(miss)Thebirdmissedbeingshot.4.政府正在考虑取消这个工程。Thegovernmentisconsideringcancelingtheproject.凡是动词+介词、名词+介词或形容词+介词形成的词组,都要求接动名词做宾语,因为几乎所有介词后
6、的动词都要使用动名词形式。例句:1.Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.2.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.3.Hehasnointerestinlearningmusic.4.Theteacherhasn’tsucceededinconvincinghim.5.Isthereanyplaceyouarekeenonvisiting?练习:例1:Hegivespeopletheimpression____allhislifeabroad.A
7、)ofhavingspentB)tohavespentC)ofbeingspentD)tospent例2:Youmaystillhaveaproblemridingatricycleevenifyouarequiteused____abicycle.A)torideB)toridingC)tohaveriddenD)toberiding*所有的介词后面的动词都应该是动名词(某些句子中的特殊结构除外)。比较容易错的是介词“to”,因为它也是一个不定式的符号。因此要记住下面的短语:beusedto;loo
8、kforwardto;beopposedto;devote(give)…to;contributeto;payattentionto;objectto等等。汉译英:1.这些孩子一直盼望着参观北京。ThesechildrenhavebeenlookingforwardtovisitingBeijing.2.他把他大部分课余时间都用在提高听力技巧上了。Hedevotedmostofhissparetimetoimprovinghislisteningskil