《化合物命名》ppt课件

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1、化合物构词华东理工大学化工学院常见无机化合物名称一、元素fluorinechlorinebromineiodineoxygenhydrogennitrogencarbonsiliconsulfurphosphorussodiumpotassiumcalciummagnesiumaluminummanganesezincironcopperleadcobaltnickelmercurycadmiumarsenicuraniumradium二、二元化合物词尾－ide－化物chlorinechloridehydrogenchlorideo

2、xygenoxidezincoxidefluorinefluoridehydrogenfluoridesulfursulfidesodiumsulfideiodineiodidepotassiumiodide三、无氧酸（水溶液呈酸性的二元化合物）hydrochloricacidhydrofluoricacidhydrobromicacid四、含氧酸及其盐nitrogennitricacidnitratesulfursulfuricacidsulfatephosphorusphosphoricacidphosphateChlorine

3、chloricacidchlorate词尾：－(o)icacid酸－ate由词尾为ic的酸所成的盐类或酯类－ide－化物五、氢氧化物sodiumhydroxidealuminumhydroxidePracticePutthefollowingsintoChinese:chromiumplatinumtitaniumsodiumcalciumpotassiumaluminummercurypalladiumleadcopperfluorinesiliconchlorinesulfurphosphoruscobaltnitrogenam

4、moniumchloridesilvernitratehydrochloricacidmagnesiumhydroxidecalciumcarbidehydrogenperoxidecarbondioxidephosphoruspentoxidesodiumhydroxidesodiumcarbonatenitricacidsulfuricacid常用数目词头1mono-11undaca-21henicosa-2di-12dodeca-22docosa-3tri-13trideca-23tricosa-4tetra-14tetrad

5、eca-30triconta-5penta-15petadeca-31hentriaconta-6hexa-16hexadeca-40tetraconta-7hepta-17heptadeca-50petaconta-8octa-18octadeca-60hexaconta-9nona-19nonadeca-70heptaconta-10deca-20eicosa-100hecta-有机化合物构词一、分类名称及其词尾alkanes-anemethanealkenes-eneethylenealkynes-ynepropynebenz

6、enes-benzenemethylbenzenealcohols-olbutanolethers-etherdimethyletheraldehydes-almethanalketones-onepropanoneacids-(o)icacidethanoicacideaters-atemethylethanoateanhydrides-icanhydridemaleicanhydrideamines-amineethanolamine二、有机基团alkyl烷基aryl芳基hydroxyl羟基carboxyl羧基carbonyl羰

7、基vinyl乙烯基acetyl乙酰基phenyl苯基amino氨基sulfo磺基nitro硝基chloro氯代fluoro氟代thio硫代-yl－基链烃名称alkanealkenealkynemethylmethaneethylethaneetheneethynepropylpropanepropenepropynebutylbutanebutenebutynepentylpentanepentenehexylhexanehexeneheptylheptaneoctyloctanenonylnonanedecyldecanedode

8、cylIUPACNameandCommonNameIUPACInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry国际理论与应用化学联合会DespitetheexistenceoftheIUPACsys