英语句子结构与分析讲解

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1、.定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名词）Shewentoutinahurry.（代词）Fourplusfouriseight.（数词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（动名词）They

2、oungshouldrespecttheold.（名词化的形容词）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）找出下列句中的主语：1、Thesunrisesintheeast.          2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.      3、Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.4、Seeingisbelieving.     5、Toseeistobelieve.        ......6、Helikesdancing.    7、Whatheneedsisabook.8

3、、Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3

4、.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Showyourpassport,please.（名词）Shedidn'tsayanything.（代词）Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.（数词）Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.（名词化的形容词）Theyaskedtoseemypassport.（不定式）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）......Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（句子）宾

5、语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemesomebooks.间接直接宾语宾语指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Helikestoplaybasketball.3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.4.Shesaidthathefeltsick.5.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.（四）连系

6、动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.找出下列句中的表语。1.Iamateacher.......2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting.常见的系动词有be动词,还有get,become,turn,grow等表

7、“变得”的词,和感观动词sound,look,smel,taste,feel等。(五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.（形容词）Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.（名词）Thereare54studentsinourclass.（数词）Doyouknownbetty’ssister?（名词所有格）Heboughtsomesleepingpills.（动名词）Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.（现在分词）Hisspokenlanguageisgood.（过去分词）定语后置：

8、如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Weha