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1、北京师范大学2011年考博英语试题PartI:ListeningComprehension(略)PartII:ReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearesixpassagesinthispart.Eachofthepassagesisfollowedbyfivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.choosethebestoneandmarkyour
2、answerontheANSWERSHEET.PassageOneItisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeni
3、nindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoentrefactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,h
4、owever,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesex…intopublicindustry.”Observesthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechani
5、zation’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingm
6、achine,thetypewriter,andthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofempl
7、oymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarial育明考研考博培训中心官网：www.yumingedu.com育明考研考博培训中心官网：www.yumingedu.comwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinth
8、e1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsider“women’swork”.Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincrease
