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1、NonverbalcommunicationFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaNonverbalcommunication(NVC)isusuallyunderstoodastheprocessofcommunicationthroughsendingandreceivingwordlessmessages.i.e,languageisnottheonlysourceofcommunication,thereareothermeansalso.NVCcanbecommunicatedthroughgesturesa
2、ndtouch(Hapticcommunication),bybodylanguageorposture,byfacialexpressionandeyecontact.NVCcanbecommunicatedthroughobjectcommunicationsuchasclothing,hairstylesorevenarchitecture,symbolsandinfographics.Speechcontainsnonverbalelementsknownasparalanguage,includingvoicequality,emoti
3、onandspeakingstyle,aswellasprosodicfeaturessuchasrhythm,intonationandstress.Danceisalsoregardedasanonverbalcommunication.Likewise,writtentextshavenonverbalelementssuchashandwritingstyle,spatialarrangementofwords,ortheuseofemoticons.However,muchofthestudyofnonverbalcommunicati
4、onhasfocusedonface-to-faceinteraction,whereitcanbeclassifiedintothreeprincipalareas:environmentalconditionswherecommunicationtakesplace,thephysicalcharacteristicsofthecommunicators,andbehaviorsofcommunicatorsduringinteraction.Verbalvs.oralcommunicationScholarsinthisfieldusual
5、lyuseastrictsenseoftheterm"verbal",meaning"oforconcernedwithwords",anddonotuse"verbalcommunication"asasynonymfororalorspokencommunication.Thus,vocalsoundsthatarenotconsideredtobewords,suchasagrunt,orsingingawordlessnote,arenonverbal.Signlanguagesandwritingaregenerallyundersto
6、odasformsofverbalcommunication,asbothmakeuseofwords—althoughlikespeech,bothmaycontainparalinguisticelementsandoftenoccuralongsidenonverbalmessages.Nonverbalcommunicationcanoccurthroughanysensorychannel—sight,sound,smell,touchortaste.NVCisimportantas:"Whenwespeak(orlisten),our
7、attentionisfocusedonwordsratherthanbodylanguage.Butourjudgementincludesboth.Anaudienceissimultaneouslyprocessingbothverbalandnonverbalcues.Bodymovementsarenotusuallypositiveornegativeinandofthemselves;rather,thesituationandthemessagewilldeterminetheappraisal."(Givens,2000,p.4
8、)HistoryThefirstscientificstudyofnonverbalcommunicationwasCharlesDar
