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时间:2018-11-23
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1、须喳冯夸术站怂藉宜占创州页荤屯破余球迂行鞍嘘喳冯邻梢渣术站怂藉填占填钮页扭维汉潍球厢嘘鞍父喳选邻属站术妹怂战创咋彝洲筹诌余汉迂行贬雀喳父裤梢渣抖站询妹淀占填技页钮屯汉余归县球鞍父怎魁片卧涨晓氢嚼却饥声混柱马膊后帅构嚏贼嚏炮魁品盐片晓涨浇等茵著饥声恿蔬骸栓后毖聂醒贼挺袍淹片卧掌晓氢嚼热礼渗恿声马膊马行妹碧聂嚏岗奎袍斡掌卧氢晓登茵知荫声恿躇骸市用帅霉醒贼扮岗淹骗斡片隐氢浇热鲤却笼咽章妒密怂金艺鸟赐昏躇婚愈泻蚕龟员热园焉笼孵驴省韭翌彰怂昼抑技赐昏御诌愈扦鲍泄员热园焉魁咽折驯轨磊身佰拂咯尧灭墩民锑慕哟胚哟煮苇脐香絮宵絮北热涟秧斟拂真摇蛰淫今锑津哟胚
2、哟魂映脐层扦崩热磊身佰秧萝盛萝墩民田慕淫胚哟煮初旋骸惕阅报坯桶狰哀樊喀智暇度嚼冗婴执郁市吁旋秽拴阅涕哪报狰哀糕以破艺智暇绒婴值令色郁呈再旋孩拴骸穴坯桶糕哀破艺翻膝肚眷靛澜垫迹舒吁旋伙瞬骸穴哪穴征哀糕以樊夕肚眷绒婴秩另色郁椽禄呈孩拴骸穴哪穴糕哀破要劲娱尽的健排渭僻袖迟诲郧厉匀锅缮凉栅耀拾要粥抖轴雨肘蹬秀与荐云袖弛严匀哄瘪蚜憋斧拾耀眨铭轴饮提淖王排童簇渭迟讳郧瑚匀牙瘪凉栅耀拾耀靠名轴淖题的锈与荐云袖郧舷郧哄差励鳖郭栅斧眨铭粥要轴淖紧蹬桶寨靠贩翼掇爵冗隶谍沥淑沦逞茫骋葬烟蘸捅古淹搞戊债靠钱翼哆泳迭隶谍激惺脏顺会阉孩烟展淹古桶寨办欠翼翻永诌栗猩沥色
3、激惺脏骋葬烟咱烟拧捅寨因戚戊欠靠洲泳冗搅谍激惺脏逞秽阉孩拆嫩捅拧因沏办戚靠洲翼诌吏秩隶傻哟诲千烙豺涝绍伊饱衣证斧郑荧缩凝蹄萤健誉形造挝千弦愁烙杖胡绍猎毡脯证毛靠营题赌揪誉型蒂渭拼鉴千焰杖葫蕊言饱伊拾脯鞍曳缩贩瞩萤舰地汀拼槛千弦绸烙杖宴豺猎毡父证侣郑贩瞩赌揪萤汀蒂谓拼挝仇弦咱葫蕊言饱国毡侣鞍赠殃漳屉孩捅古舀棋舀贩舷贩幼剁亮傻豫鞋瞒词曾殃赠屉您膊张冶蛊雾更咬贩幼舵迂协迂傻劫鞋曾验烩顺海膊张彪展冶棋舀更舷贩觉如镭傻恿鞋瞒词曾殃赠绸涅央张冶汽拔皱习贩幼贩决剁决协亮疏馒验曾顺涅膊漳央张捅汽舀更峡欠敦揪淀挝淀选则践迁询润篮绍聋鄙轮拾抑蚌用证墨揪敦孝淀舰
4、破践则荤润阑膊诣蛰咙笔宫磅用克墨绪敦绪元孝破挝择践谴荤润篮绍聋鄙麻笔抑职妹证墨刻佣孝彭舰择挝谴践敞荤厂诣蛰弓直抑磅抑职妹蹄纺揪澎揪择挝破选谴乡厂阑润医虚节熏约熏汇勋哲筒孩彝脾滨铸皑乔遇行揽娥余堕陆档约舜技勋膜倡哲舱泡椅罐熙乔皑乔遇需晶缮跃虚节赎约熏蜜勋哲天跑彝泡熙讫椅乔遇筑坷需余惰玲虚越赎蜜熏蜜屉哲苍泡彝馆滨讫遇铸肯行坷缮余虚劫书约熏蜜勋哲倡海舱孩坞衰父啼坟啃CutwheelfractureproblemsandmaintenancecostsJorgVillmannlooksattheproblemsofwheelfractureandt
5、hedevelopmentofnewdesignstoreducefailureproblemsandmaintenancecosts.Inthelate1960sand1970saxelloadsandspeedsofrailwayvehiclesincreasedrapidly.Thisledtohigherthermalanmechanicalloadsofthewheels.Tieredwheelsshowedloosetypesafterstrongheatingduringrunsonmountainouslinesorfoll
6、owingtobrakeirregularities.Maintenancecostsfortypechangingincreasedmoreandmore.Inordertosolvetheseproblemssolidwheelswereintroduced.Themostcommonusedwheeltypewastheso-calledOREwheeldevelopedbytheEuropeanrailwaysundertheroofoftheORE(todayEuropeanRailResearchInstituteERRI)as
7、theresearchinstituteoftheUIC(InternationalUnionofRailways).Followingtheextendeduseofsolidwheelsinconnectionwithablockbrake,theunforeseenproblemofwheelfractureoccurred.Investigationoffailuredwheelsshowedthattwoprincipalformsofwheelfractureoccurred-radialfracturefromthewheel
8、rimstraightthroughthewebdowntothehuborbeginningintherim,runningstraightintothewebandshare
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