《智能小车设计论》word版

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1、23智能小车课程设计论文第二组班级：11机械电子工程姓名：张群学号：2011100619完成时间：2014年3月6日23·23目录一、引言···············································31）课程设计要求·······································32）课题背景及意义·····································3二、方案设计与论证···································41)控制器模块选取·

2、····································42)电机模块选取·······································53)电机驱动器模块选取·································623·231)电源模块选取·······································7二、硬件设计··········································71)主控系统·····························

3、··············72)显示模块···········································83)电机驱动模块········································94)电源模块···········································105)按键模块···········································10三、23·23软件设计········································

4、··111)直行设计···········································122)转弯设计···········································123)调速设计···········································12五、总结···············································18六、参考文献···········································19附录总体电路

5、设计图一、引言：1）课程设计要求23·231.1查阅有智能小车控制方案，设计智能小车控制软硬件；1.2、按键或无线控制小车的加速、减速、刹车、左右转弯；1.3、驱动最大电压12V；最大驱动电流2A；1.4、实时显示；运行状态及车速；2）课题背景及意义现在，随着科技的快速发展，国内外对小型智能系统的应用越来越广泛，种类也越来越多。本题目就是结合有关科研项目而确定的设计类课题，所设计的智能小车应能够实现加速，减速，左拐，右拐，停止的功能。 根据题目的要求，智能小车控制系统采用一片STC89C52单片机作为本控制系统的主控芯片，硬件包

6、括以下几个模块：驱动电机模块、按键模块、单片机控制模块、检测电路、电源模块。本设计采用了STC89C52单片机为智能小车核心控制部分。行进直流电机驱动采用PWM调制技术，可灵活方便地对车速、行进方向进行控制。 本设计通过采用STC89C52单片机为控制核心，实现对小车的智能控制。该控制系统不仅在智能小车中有很强的实用价值，在汽车应用、智能机器人等方面都有很强的实用价值，尤其是在机器人研究方面具有很好的发展前景。所以本设计与实际相联系，具有重要的现实意义。23·23以STC89C52为控制核心，利用按键的动作，控制电动小汽车的轨迹

7、。实现四种运行轨迹。STC89C52是一款八位单片机，它的易用性和多功能性受到了广大使用者好评。二、方案设计与论证1）控制器模块选取我们采用intel公司的intel8253（2.6MHz）单片机作为主控制器，8253内部有三个计数器，分别称为计数器0、计数器1和计数器2，他们的机构完全相同。每个计数器的输入和输出都决定于设置在控制寄存器中的控制字，互相之间工作完全独立。每个计数器通过三个引脚和外部联系，一个为时钟输入端CLK，一个为门控信号输入端GATE，另一个为输出端OUT。读写由A1、A0、RD、WR和cs等引脚加以控制，

8、主要以控制Intel8253的数据与命令的写入、读取与禁止。每个计数器内部有一个8位的控制寄存器，还有一个16位的计数初值寄存器CR、一个计数执行部件CE和一个输出锁存器OL。Intel8253的内部结构图如下：23·232）电机模块选取采用普通直流减速电机。直