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1、TRANSLATION(30minutes,15points)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheetII.Oneofthemostdifficultsituationsthataresearchercanencounteristoseeorsuspectthatacolleaguehasviolate
2、dtheethicalstandardsoftheresearchcommunity.Itiseasytofindexcusestodonothing,butsomeonewhohaswitnessedmisconducthasanunmistakableobligationtoact.Atthemostimmediatelevel,misconductcanseriouslyobstructordamageone'sownresearchortheresearchofcolleagues.1）Morebroadly,evenasinglecase
3、ofmisconductcanmalignscientistsandtheirinstitutions,whichinturncanresultintheimpositionofcounterproductiveregulations,andshakepublicconfidenceintheintegrityofscience.Tobesure,raisingaconcernaboutunethicalconductisrarelyaneasythingtodo.Insomecases,anonymityispossible---butnotal
4、ways.Reprisalsbytheaccusedpersonandbyskepticalcolleagueshaveoccurredinthepastandhavehadseriousconsequences.2）Anyallegationofmisconductisaveryimportantchargethatneedstobetakenseriously.Ifmishandled,anallegationcangravelydamagethepersoncharged,theonewhomakesthecharge,theinstitut
5、ionsinvolved,andscienceingeneral.Someonewhoisconfrontingaprobleminvolvingresearchethicsusuallyhasmoreoptionsthanareimmediatelyapparent.Inmostcasesthebestthingtodoistodiscussthesituationwithatrustedfriendoradvisor.3）Inuniversities,facultyadvisors,departmentchairs,andothersenior
6、facultycanbeinvaluablesourcesofadviceindecidingwhethertogoforwardwithacomplaint.Animportantconsiderationisdecidingwhentoputacomplaintinwriting.Onceinwriting,universitiesareobligatedtodealwithacomplaintinamoreformalmannerthanifitismadeverbally.4）Puttingacomplaintinwritingcanhav
7、eseriousconsequencesforthecareerofascientistandshouldbeundertakenonlyafterthoroughconsideration.TheNationalScienceFoundationandPublicHealthServicerequireallresearchinstitutionsthatreceivepublicfundstohaveproceduresinplacetodealwithallegationsofunethicalpractice.5）Theseprocedur
8、estakeintoaccountfairnessfortheaccused,protectionfortheaccuse
