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1、AchievingEquivalenceatWordLevel:AContrastiveStudyofWordFormationinChineseandEnglish1IntroductionChineselanguage,asoneofthemostancientlanguagesisspokenbymorethan1.2billion,thebiggestpopulationintheworld.EnglishisspokenbythemostpeopleexceptChinese,andit
2、isthemostinfluentialandmostwidelyusedlanguage.Fortranslatorsworkingwithtwoimportantlanguages,themostbasicissueofachievingequivalenceatwordlevelcanbequitehardandconfusingattimesasthewordformationsystemsofthetwolanguagesareverydifferenttosaytheleast.Thi
3、sisduetothefactthatEnglishisaninflectivelanguage,whileChineseisnot.ThispaperaimstocomparethetwodifferentwordformationsystemsinChineseandEnglish,inthehopeoffindingsomesimilaritiesandpossiblesolutionsfortranslatorstofindwaysofachievingequivalenceatwordl
4、evel.2WordformationinChineseandEnglishThispartofthepapertalksaboutthedefinitionofwordinChineseandEnglish.Itwillfurthercomparethedifferencesandsimilaritiesofwordandwordformationingeneral.Then,itwilldefinethemethodsofwordformationandcomparetheminChinese
5、andEnglishitembyitemwithexamples.Formedwithanalphabet,Englishisaninflectivelanguage,whichmeansaddingaffixescouldcreatenewwords,orchangetheclassofwords.AccordingtoAdams(1973,p.7)“thewordinEnglishmaybesimple,composedofoneconstituentonly;oritmaybecomplex
6、,containingmorethanoneconstituent.”“Chinese,unlikeEnglish,isnotaninflectivelanguage.ItswordsareChinesecharacters.OneChinesecharacterstandsforonesyllable.Awordthathasonesyllableisasingle-syllableword,whileawordthatisformedwithtwoormoreChinesecharacters
7、iscalledamulti-syllableword.Fromahistoricalpointofview,thedevelopmentofChinesewordformationisfromsingle-syllablewordtomulti-syllableword.Multi-syllablewordformationconsistsofreduplication,affixation,andfixedphrase.”(唐作藩,1995,p.213)Inthispaper,wordform
8、ationisdividedinto7categoriesforeasiercomparison,namely,affixation,abbreviation,backformation,blending,compound,conversionandborrowing.2.1AffixationAffixationreferstothewayofformattingnewwordbyaddingaffixestoanexistingword.Themostcommonaffixes
