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ID:25158709
大小:61.48 KB
页数:8页
时间:2018-11-17
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1、附录英文论文Thecharacteristicsofearth-rockDAMSandtechnicalcontrol1.selectionofembankmenttypeIngeneral,therearetwotypesofembankmentdams:earth(earthfilldam)androckfill(rockfilldam).Theselectionisdependentupontheusablematerialsfromtherequiredexcavationandavailableborrow.Itsh
2、ouldbenotedthatrockfillscanshadeintosoilfillsdependinguponthephysicalcharacteroftherockandthatnohardandfastsystemofclassificationcanbemade.Rockswhicharesoftandwilleasilybreakdownundertheactionofexcavationandplacementcanbeclassifiedwithearthfills.Rockswhicharehardand
3、willnotbreakdownsignificantlyaretreatedasrockfills.Theselectionandthedesignofanearthembankmentarebaseduponthejudgementandexperienceofthedesignerandistoalargeextentofanempiricalnature.Thevariousmethodsofstabilityandseepageanalysisareusedmainlytoconfirmtheengineer’sju
4、dgement2.freeboardAllearthdamsmusthavesufficientextraheightknownasfreeboardtopreventovertoppingbythepool.Thefreeboardmustbeofsuchheightthatwaveaction,windsetup,andearthquakeeffectswillnotresultinovertoppingofthedam.Inadditiontofreeboard,anallowancemustbemadeforsettl
5、ementoftheembankmentandthefoundationwhichwilloccuruponcompletionoftheembankment.3.topwidthThewidthoftheearthdamtopisgenerallycontrolledbytherequiredwidthoffillforeaseofconstructionusingconventionalequipment.Ingeneral,thetopwidthshouldnotbelessthan30ft.ifadangerexist
6、sofanovertoppingwavecausedeitherbymassivelandslidesinthepoolorbyseismicblocktipping,thenextratopwidthoferosionresistivefillwillberequired.4.alignmentThealignmentofanearthfilldamshouldbesuchastominimizeconstructioncostsbutsuchalignmentshouldnotbesuchastoencourageslid
7、ingorcrackingoftheembankment.Normallytheshorteststraightlineacrossthevalleywillbesatisfactory,butlocaltopographicandfoundationconditionsmaydictateotherwise.Damslocatedinnarrowvalleysoftenaregivenanalignmentwhichisarchedupstreamsothatdeflectionsoftheembankmentunderpo
8、olloadwillputtheembankmentincompressionthusminimizingtransversecracking.5.AbutmentsThreeproblemsaregenerallyassociatedwiththeabutmentsofea
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