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1、英文文献原文：PerformanceAppraisalasaGuideforTrainingandDevelopment:AResearchNoteontheIowaPerformanceEvaluationSystemByDennisDaleyowaStateUniversityThispaperexaminesonefacetofperformanceappraisal-itsuseasaguideforthedraftingofemployeetraininganddevelopmentplans.Thescopeislimited
2、inthatitexcludesanyconsiderationastowhethertheseplansareactuallyimplemented.Ourinterestfocusesonlyontheextenttowhichsupervisorsendeavortoassistemployeesincorrectingorovercomingweaknessesandinenhancingordevelopingperceivedstrengths.Thefindingsreportedherearebasedona1981mon
3、itoringoftheperformanceappraisalsystemusedbytheStateofIowa.Ascivilservicereformhasbeeninstitutedinonejurisdictionafteranotherinordertofurtherassureobjective,performancebasedpersonnelpractices,performanceappraisalhasemergedasoneofthekeyissuesinthepersonnelmanagementofthe19
4、80s.Thisheightenedsenseofimportanceandseriousnesshas,inturn,ledtoarenewedinterestinthestudyoftheactualworkingsofperformanceappraisalsystems.Theusestowhichperformanceappraisalcanbeputaremyriad.TherecentCivilServiceReformActof1978servesasamodelinthisrespect.Herewefindenunci
5、atedwhatmaybetakenasthetypicalorientationtowardtheusesofperformanceappraisal,recommendingthatpersonnelmanagersandsupervisors"usetheresultsofperformanceappraisalas.abasisfortraining,rewarding,reassigning,promoting,reducingingrade,retaining,andremovingemployees."Performance
6、appraisalsystemscanalsoservetovalidatepersonneltestingandselectionprocedures,althoughsuchsystemsarethemselvesalsosubjecttoaffirmativeactionvalidationrequirements.Theeconomicrecessionsofthe1970sand1980shaveplacedsignificantrestraintsontheseuses,however.Theimpositionofhirin
7、gfreezes,thediminishmentofpromotionalopportunities,theadventofreductions-in-force,andthenearabandonmentofmeritpayprovisionsbyfinanciallystrappedgovernmentalentitieshavecontributedtothelossofenthusiasmforperformanceappraisalinmanyquarters.Undersuchcircumstances,performance
8、appraisal一limitedinitsusetothemorenegativefunctionsofemployeeevaluation-takesonthedreadedimageas
