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1、直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不用引号。直接引语:MrBlacksaid,“I’mbusy.”间接引语:MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy.1.陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。(1)人称的变化记忆口诀:“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”a)Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthathelike
2、ditverymuch.b)Hesaid,“Ileftmybookathome.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookathome.(2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作以下的变化;直接引语间接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)过去将来时例如a).Hesaid,”Isawthefilmyesterday.”→Hesaidthathehadseenthefilmthedaybefore.b).shesaid,”Iha
3、veseenthefilm.itisgood.”→Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilm,andthatitwasgood.注;直接引语如果是客观真理,变间接引语时,时态不变。例如;Hesaid,”lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”光传播的比声音快。→Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.3).指示代词,时间状语和地点状语的变化;a).shesaid,Iwillcomethisevening.→Shesaidthatshewouldgothatevening.b).Hesaid,”my
4、sisterwasheretheredaysago,butsheisnotherenow.”→Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbeforebutshewasnottherethen.现将这几种变化列表如下;DirectSpeech直接引语ReportedSpeech间接引语指示代词this,thesethat,those表示时间的词thedayaftertomorrowintwodaysnow,agothen,beforetoday,tonightthatday,thatnightthisweek/month…thatweek/mo
5、nth…yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek/month…theweek/month…beforetwodaysagotwodaysbeforetomorrow,tomorroweveningthenext/followingday,thefollowingeveningnextweek/month…thenext/followingweek/month…表示地点herethere动词come,bring,must,can,maygo,take,hadto,could,might2.疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句,变为间接引语时,要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序(主
6、语在谓语的前面),句末用句号。主语的人称,时态和时间状语等也要做相应的变化。1).一般疑问句直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时,要改为asked,没有直接宾语的,可以加一个间接宾语(me,him或us等)。例如:a).Hesaid,”areyouready?”→Heasked(us)ifwewereready.b).Hesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”→Heasked(me)whetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore.2)特殊疑问句直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变间接
7、引语时仍用原来的疑问词引导。例如:a).“Whatdoyouwant?”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhatIwanted.b).ShesaidtoTom,“Howareyoufeelingnow?”→SheaskedTomhowhewasfeelingthen.c).Shesaid,“Wherehaveyoubeen,Mike?”→SheaskedMikewherehehadbeen.3.祈使句直接引语如果是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要用tell(ask,order)