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1、InternationalEconomicstheoryandpolicyPaulR.KrugmanMauriceObstfeldChaper3Resources,ComparativeAdvantage,andIncomeDistributionAModelofaTwo-FactorEconomy:PricesandProductionEffectsofInternationalTradeBetweenTwo-FactorEconomiesThePoliticalEconomyofTrade:
2、APreliminaryViewEmpiricalEvidenceontheHeckscher-OhlinModelSummary1.ATwo-FactorEconomyModelMODEL:twocountriesAandB,producestwogoodsXandY,withtwomobilefactorsofproductionMandN.Assumestwogoodsarecloth(C)andfood(F),twotwomobilefactorsofland(T)andlabor(L)
3、.Definition: Acountry'slandproductivityofclothshowsbyαTC,laborproductivityαLC;thelandproductivityoffoodbyαTF,laborproductivityαLF;acountry'saggregatesupplyoflaborisL,thetotallandsupplyisT.ProductionPossibilityFrontierTheproductionpossibilityfrontierw
4、ithoutfactorsubstitution:Quantityoffood,QFQuantityofcloth,QCL/αLFT/αTFL/αLCT/αTCLaborconstraintLandconstraintProductionPossibilityFrontierTheproductionpossibilityfrontierwithfactorsubstitution:WHY?Quantityoffood,QFQuantityofcloth,QCPPFPPFandDiminishi
5、ngMarginalReturns生产可能性边界是一条凹函数曲线，表明了各部门投入要素的边际报酬递减规律；以劳动为例:生产可能性边界的斜率为：-MPLF/MPLC.PricesandProductionIsovalueline(budgetconstraintline)andPPF:Quantityoffood,QFQuantityofcloth,QCPPFIsovaluelinesQFactorInputofUnitProductInputpossibilitiesinfoodproducti
6、on:LandinputLaborinputInputcombinationsperunitoffoodHowtoChoosetheInput?Itwilldependontheralativecostoftwofactors,thatisthefactorprices.Supposethelabor’swagerateisw,andtheland’srentrateisr.thetwofactors’priceisw/r.FFCurveandCCCurveWage-rentalratio，w/
7、rCCFFLand-laborratio，T/LFFCurveandCCCurveTheFFcurveshowstherelationshipofrelativepricesandrelativequantitiesusedinfood’sproduction.TheCCcurveshowstherelationshipofrelativepricesandrelativequantitiesusedinproductionofcloth.Whyarethetwocurvesdifferentw
8、itheachother?Food-IntensiveandCloth-Intensive在要素价格比一定的情况下，不同的产品生产所需要的要素投入组合是不一样的，此时更多地需要某种生产要素的产品称为这种要素生产密集型产品(XX-intensivegoods)。Sowiththefigureshowedabove,thefoodisland-intensiveandtheclothislabor-intensive.Food-IntensiveandCloth-IntensiveNote:Cana
