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1、附录一外文翻译英文原文AssessmentandRehabilitationofEmbankmentDamsNasimUddin,P.E.,M.ASCE1Abstract:Aseriesofobservations,studies,andanalysestobemadeinthefieldandintheofficearepresentedtogainaproperunderstandingofhowanembankmentdamfitsintoitsgeologicsettingandhowitinteractswiththepresen
2、ceofthereservoiritimpounds.Itisintendedtoprovideanintroductiontotheengineeringchallengesofassessmentandrehabilitationofembankments,withparticularreferencetoaCrotonDamembankment.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2002)16:4(176)CEDatabasekeywords:Rehabilitation;Dams,embankment;Asse
3、ssment.IntroductionManymajorfacilities,hydraulicorotherwise,havebecomeveryoldandbadlydeteriorated;moreandmoreownersarecomingtorealizethatthecostofrestoringtheirfacilitiesistakingupasignificantfractionoftheiroperatingbudgets.Rehabilitationis,therefore,becomingamajorgrowthin
4、dustryforthefuture.Inembankmentdamengineering,neitherthefoundationnorthefillsarepremanufacturedtostandardsorcodes,andtheirperformancecorrespondinglyisnever100%predictable.Damengineering—inparticular,thatrelatedtoearthstructures—hasevolvedonmanyfrontsandcontinuestodoso,part
5、icularlyinthecontextoftheeconomicaluseofresourcesandthedeterminationofacceptablelevelsofrisk.Becauseofthis,therefore,thereremainsawidevarietyofopinionandpracticeamongengineersworkinginthefield.Manyaspectsofdesigningandconstructingdamswillprobablyalwaysfallwithinthatgroupof
6、engineeringproblemsforwhichtherearenouniversallyacceptedoruniquelycorrectprocedures.Inspiteofadvancesinrelatedtechnologies,however,itislikelythatthebuildingofembankmentsandthereforetheirmaintenance,monitoring,andassessmentwillremainanempiricalprocess.Itis,therefore,difficu
7、lttoconceiveofasetofrigorousassessmentproceduresforexistingdams,iftherearenodesigncodes.Manyagencies(theU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,USBR,TennesseeValleyAuthority,FERC,etc.)havedevelopedchecklistsforfieldinspections,forexample,andsuggestedformatsandtopicsforassessmentreporting
8、.However,thesecannotbetakenasprocedures;theyserveasguidelines,reminders,andexamplesofwhat