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1、不能用被动语态的情况初中语法:1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较:rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thep
2、ricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动
3、语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系动词无被动语态:appear,bebecome,fall,feel,ge
4、t,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.4)带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。(对)Shelikestoswim.(错)Toswimislikedbyher.高中语法:1、所有的不及物动词和某些短语不能用被动语态,常见的有如下几个:表示“发生”的
5、词/短语happen,takeplace,breakout,occur,catchfire,还有appear(出现),disappear(消失),belongto(属于)等。2、常见的表示状态特征的系动词:look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear,remain等,如:Theideasoundsinteresting.Goodmedicinetastesbitter.3、某些可以与easily,well等副词连用的动词不用被动语态,如:Theclothwashedeasily
6、.这种布很好洗。Thiskindofgoodssellswell.这种商品很畅销。Thiscardriveseasily.这部车很容易开。常见的有read,sell,write,wash,clean,weigh,measure,wear等。英语和汉语一样,其动作都有主动和被动之分,汉语中不是所有的动词都可采用被动结构;同样道理,英语中也有不少动词不能用于被动结构,即被动语态。英语中,除不及物动词---即后面不能加宾语的动词不能用于被动语态外,还有下列情况不能使用被动语态的结构: 一、表示静态、容纳、适合等的及物
7、动词。例如: Shehasanicecar. Thewoolencoatfitsherwell. 二、宾语是动词不定式、动名词。例如: Theypromisedmetogowithme. Mr.Smithwantedtohaveatry. Ienjoylisteningtopopmusic. 三、宾语是反身代词。例如: Shehurtherselfthismorning. Theywarnedthemselvestobecareful. 四、宾语是人身上的一部分或器官。例如: Heputhi
8、shandonhischestandbegantocough. Icouldhardlybelievemyears. 五、宾语是相互代词。例如: Theyhelpeachotherinstudy. Wemustlearnfromeachother. 六、表示地点、处所、机构、团体、组织的名词作宾语。例如: ShejoinedthePartylastyear.