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1、ManagementprofessionalEnglishLeadershipTheoryandPracticeRichardL.DaftOwenGraduateSchoolofManagementVanderbiltUniversityOrganizationSayfrombroadsense,theorganizationistopointtobymanyfactorslinkedtoeachotherincertainwaysofsystem.Inanarrowsense,theorganizationisrefersto
2、achievecertaingoalsforpeople,collaboratingwithacollectiveorgroups,suchasthepartyorganizations,tradeunionsandenterprises,militaryorganizationandsoon.Specialorganizationspecializedinthecrowd,touseinthesocialmanagement.Inmodernsocietylife.Theorganizationispeopleaccordin
3、gtocertainpurpose,tasks,andformthesocialgroupofup,theorganizationisnotonlythesocialcell,thebasicunitofthesociety,butalsocansayisthebasisofsociety.Herewewillillustratehowtodesignandleadingalearningorganization.Organizations,likebiologicalspecies,mustadaptinordertosurv
4、ive.Inastableenvironment,manycompaniesdevelopedintohighlystructuredsystemswithstrongverticalhierarchies,specializedjobs,andformalinformationandcontrolsystems.However,theseorganizationsdonotworkintoday’sfast-shiftingenvironment,andmanyleadersarestrugglingtotransformth
5、eirorganizationsintomoreflexiblesystemscapableofcontinuouslearning15andadaptation.Thischapterexamineselementsoforganizationdesignbylookingattraditionalorganizationsthatweredesignedforefficientproduction,incomparisonwithneworganizationalformsthatemphasizeflexibilityan
6、drapidresponse.Wewillexaminefiveelementsoforganizationdesign-structure,tasks,systems,strategy,andculture.Thenwewillturntoadiscussionofthevariousframesofreferenceleadersusestothinkaboutdesigninglearningorganizations.Eachframeofreferencehasstrengthsandweaknesses,andeff
7、ectiveleadersstriveforabalancedperspectivesothatalltheneedsoftheorganizationaremet.AndaEfficientperformanceversusLearningOrganizationAsdiscussedinChapter1,fundamentalsocietaltransformationsarehavingadramaticimpactonorganizations.Whenthebusinessenvironmentwasstable,le
8、adersemphasizedstabilitywithinorganizations.Theyworkedtodirectandcontrolorganizationresourcestowardattainingspecificgoals.Routine,s
