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1、外文原文JSPapplicationframeworksbrianwright、michaelfreedmanhttp://book.huihoo.com/pdf/introduction-to-machine-learning/Whatareapplicationframeworks:Aframeworkisareusable,semi-completeapplicationthatcanbespecializedtoproducecustomapplications[Johnson].Likepeople,softwareapplication
2、saremorealikethantheyaredifferent.Theyrunonthesamecomputers,expectinputfromthesamedevices,outputtothesamedisplays,andsavedatatothesameharddisks.Developersworkingonconventionaldesktopapplicationsareaccustomedtotoolkitsanddevelopmentenvironmentsthatleveragethesamenessbetweenappl
3、ications.Applicationframeworksbuildonthiscommongroundtoprovidedeveloperswithareusablestructurethatcanserveasthefoundationfortheirownproducts.Aframeworkprovidesdeveloperswithasetofbackbonecomponentsthathavethefollowingcharacteristics:1.Theyareknowntoworkwellinotherapplications.
4、2.Theyarereadytousewiththenextproject.3.Theycanalsobeusedbyotherteamsintheorganization.Frameworksaretheclassicbuild-versus-buyproposition.Ifyoubuildit,youwillunderstanditwhenyouaredone—buthowlongwillitbebeforeyoucanrollyourown?Ifyoubuyit,youwillhavetoclimbthelearningcurve—andh
5、owlongisthatgoingtotake?Thereisnorightanswerhere,butmostobserverswouldagreethatframeworkssuchasStrutsprovideasignificantreturnoninvestmentcomparedtostartingfromscratch,especiallyforlargerprojects.Othertypesofframeworks:Theideaofaframeworkappliesnotonlytoapplicationsbuttoapplic
6、ationcomponentsaswell.Throughoutthisarticle,weintroduceothertypesofframeworksthatyoucanusewithStruts.TheseincludetheLucenesearchengine,theScaffoldtoolkit,theStrutsvalidator,andtheTilestaglibrary.Likeapplicationframeworks,thesetoolsprovidesemi-completeversionsofasubsystemthatca
7、nbespecializedtoprovideacustomcomponent.Someframeworkshavebeenlinkedtoaproprietarydevelopmentenvironment.ThisisnotthecasewithStrutsoranyoftheotherframeworksshowninthisbook.YoucanuseanydevelopmentenvironmentwithStruts:VisualAgeforJava,JBuilder,Eclipse,Emacs,andTextpadareallpopu
8、larchoicesamongStrutsdevelopers.IfyoucanuseitwithJava,youcanu
