中国的茶文化和美国的咖啡文化

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摘要茶和咖啡不仅是两种很受欢迎的饮料，还代表着东方和西方不同的文化。茶对中国中国人的重要性犹如咖啡对美国人的重要性一样。茶和咖啡有幸同之处也有不同之处。咖啡在美国人的生活中有着不可取代的地位，而茶在中国人的生活中不仅是一种饮料，更是承载着人情和文化。茶和咖啡，有着不同的内涵、历史，因此也代表了中美两方文化的差别。本文首先对中国茶文化和美国咖啡文化进行了简单的介绍，紧接着分析了中国茶文化和美国咖啡文化的相同点和不同点，并探讨了背后的原因。最后，得出结论，随着经济全球化和文化融合的发展，中国茶出现在了美国，美国咖啡出现在了中国。本文通过比较中国茶文化和美国咖啡文化，旨在促进对西方文化的了解，以及促进跨文化交流。关键词：中国茶文化；美国咖啡文化；跨文化交际 AbstractTeaandcoffeearenotonlytwokindsofpopulardrinks,butalsotherepresentativesoftwodifferentculturesintheeastandthewest.TheimportanceofteatoChineseiswhattheimportanceofcoffeetoAmericans.Teaandcoffeehavesimilaritiesanddifferences.CoffeeholdsanirreplaceablepositioninAmericanpeople’slife,andteaintheChinesepeople'slifeisnotjustadrink,itiscarryingthehumanandculture.Teaandcoffeehaveadifferentmeaning,history,andthereforerepresentthedifferencebetweenthetwopartiesandAmericanculture.Firstly,thepapergivesabriefintroductiontoChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeeculture.ThenitanalyzesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeecultureandprobesintothecausesofsimilaritiesanddifferences.Finally,aconclusionisdrawnthatwiththedevelopmentofglobalizationandculturalintegration,ChineseteacanbefoundinAmericaandcoffeeappearsinChina.ThisthesismakesacomparativestudyonChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeeculture,aimingtoenhancetheunderstandingofwesterncultureandpromoteinterculturalcommunication.Keywords:Chineseteaculture;Americancoffeeculture;interculturalcommunication Contents摘要IAbstractIIChapterOneIntroduction11.1ChineseTeaCulture21.1.1BriefIntroductionofChineseTeaCulture21.1.2HistoryofChineseTeaCulture31.2AmericanCoffeeCulture31.2.1BriefIntroductionofAmericanCoffeeCulture31.2.2HistoryofAmericanCoffeeCulture4ChapterTwoSimilaritiesofChineseTeaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCulture52.1CultureswithaLongHistory52.2CommonSocialFunctions52.3CommonEconomicFunctions6ChapterThreeDifferencesofChineseTeaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCulture83.1OriginandDevelopment83.2Efficacy93.3DrinkingArt9ChapterFourCausesofSimilaritiesandDifferencesBetweenChineseTeaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCulture124.1GeographicandCulturalReasons124.2HistoricalandPhilosophicReasons13ChapterFiveConclusion14References15Aknowledgements16 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureChapterOneIntroductionAsthenationaldrinkofChinesepeople,teahasalonghistoryinChina.Thereareseveralvarietiesoftea.Insomeways,ChinesetearepresentsChineseculture.JustliketeainChina,coffeealsoholdsanimportantpositioninwesterncountries.Theword"coffee"comesfromtheGreek"Kaweh",meaning"strengthandpassion."Coffeestandsforthewesterncultureandthecharacteristicsofthewesternpeople.Astherepresentativesoftheeastandthewest,teaandcoffeearenotonlytwokindsofpopulardrinks,butalsosymbolsoftwodifferentcultures.AsaChinesecommonsayinggoes,firewood,rice,oil,salt,vinegarandteaarethebasicandindispensablenecessitiesinthedailylifeofChinesepeople.Thereisacounterpartsayinginthewesternpeople’smouththatifI’mnotinthecoffeehouse,thenIwillbeonthewaytothecoffeehouse.Thisreflectstherolesofteaandcoffeeinthepeople’slifeinChinaandAmericarespectively.Inthepastfewyears,ChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeeculturehavedevelopedrapidly.ChineseteaandAmericancoffeeplayaincreasinglyimportantroleinChineseandAmericanpeople’slife.Teahousesandcoffeehouseshavebecomeagoodplacetomakefriendswithstrangers,promotefeelingswithfamilymembersandfriendsanddobusinesstransactions.Astheinterculturalcommunicationdeepensandteacultureandcoffeeculturegrow,moreandmoreChinesepeopledevelopapassionforcoffeeandAmericansbegintodrinktea.However,therearesomesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseteaandAmericancoffeeculture.Therefore,astudyisnecessarilycarriedouttoseekforafeasiblewayforinterculturalcommunicationbetweenChineseandAmericanpeople.Thegrowingenvironmentofcoffeeandteaisverydifferent.CoffeegrowsinhotAfrica,SouthAmerica,Brazil,Colombia,Jamaicaandotherplaces.Theseplaceshavetropicalorsubtropicalclimate,whichisgoodforcoffeegrowing.Teagrowsinmildandhumidclimate,suchasChina'sHangzhouandotherplaces.ThishotandmildclimateisrepresentativeofthemaindifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericancultures.ThisthesisintendstofacilitatetheinterculturalcommunicationbetweenChineseandAmericanpeoplebyprobingintotheChineseteacultureand15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureAmericancoffeeculture,especiallytheirsimilaritiesanddifferences.ThepaperfirstlygivessomebasicinformationtoChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeecultureandthenfocusesonthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeecultureaswellasthefactorswhichdeterminetheirdifferences.Finally,aconclusionisgiventothewholethesis.1.1ChineseTeaCulture1.1.1BriefIntroductionofChineseTeaCultureChineseteacultureisanimportantcomponentofChinesetraditionalculture.TheteahasalongrecordanditishardtopinpointexactlywhenteabeginsinChinesehistory.ThereisevidencetosuggestthatthedrinkinghabitselsewhereintheworldoriginatedirectlyorindirectlyfromChina.AccordingtothedefinitioninTheGrandDictionaryofChineseLanguage,culturereferstothematerialandspiritualwealthcreatedinthepracticeprocessofhumansocialhistory.Thus,teaculturereferstothematerialwealthandthespiritualwealthrelatedtotea.Inanarrowsense,teacultureonlyreferstothespiritualwealth.Chineseteaculturemainlyconsistsofthemethodsofpreparingtea,theequipmentformakingteaandtheoccasionswhenteaisdrunkinChina.ChineseteahasboththeembodimentofChinesespiritualcivilizationandtheextensionoftheideologicalform.Consequently,itcontributestoenrichingtheculturalwealthandaestheticappreciationsofChinesepeople.TeahasanextensiveandprofoundinfluenceonthedevelopmentofChineseculture.Teacultureraisesthestandardsofculturalatmosphere.Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,Chineseteaculturewillhavemoreimpactsonotherpartsoftheworldinthefuture.1.1.2HistoryofChineseTeaCultureThestoryofteabeginsinChinainthisway.In2737BC,theChineseemperorShenNongwassittingunderatreewhiletheservantswereboilingdrinkingwater.Suddenly,someleavesfellintotheboilingwater.ShenNong,aherbalist,decidedontryingtheinfusionofwaterandleavesthatiscreatedaccidentallybyhisservants.Thedrinkmixingwaterandleavesiscalledtea.SinceShenNongfoundtea,teahasremainedinChinaforalongtime.Asakindofpopulardrink,teawasacceptedandlovedbymillionsoffamilies.15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureChinaisthehomelandoftea.Itisbelievedthattea-shrubsappearedinChinaasearlyasfivetosixyearsagoandthecultivationofteaplantshasahistoryoftwothousandyears.Chinesetea,aswellasChinesesilkandporcelain,isanoutstandingcontributiontotheworld’smaterialandspiritualcivilization.SincethefoundationofChinesePeopleRepublicin1949,theannualproductionofteahasincreasedrapidlyfrom7500tonstoover60milliontons.In1982,thefirstunity“homeoftawnyman”wassetupwiththepurposeofdevelopingChineseteaculture.Andthenin1998,Chineseinternationalpeaceteaculturecommunicationhousewaslaunched.Withthedevelopmentofteaculture,moreandmorecitiesbegantohold“thefestivaloftea”likeYunnan’sPu-erhteafestivalandFujianWuyiteafestival.1.2AmericanCoffeeCulture1.2.1BriefIntroductionofAmericanCoffeeCultureCoffeeteaculturereferstothediffusionandadoptionofcoffeeasawidelyconsumedstimulantbyaculture.Somesocialatmospheresorsocialbehaviorsrelyheavilyoncoffee.IntheUnitedStates,September29thiscelebratedas“NationalCoffeeDay”,fromwhichwecanseetheimportanceofcoffeeinpeople’sdailylife.1.2.2HistoryofAmericanCoffeeCultureThehistoryofcoffeedatesbacktothe9thcentury.Firstly,foundinEthiopia,coffeebeansweretakentotheMiddleEastbyArabtraders,spreadingtoYeman,Egypt,Persia,TurkeyandNorthAfricainthe15thcentury.MuslinmerchantsbroughtthebeanstotheportcityofVeniceandthencoffeespreadacrossEuropeandeventuallyarrivedinAmerica.Theoriginofcoffeeinvolvesvariedlegends,twoofwhicharewidelyaccepted,thatis,theshepherd’sstoryandArabmonksstory.Accordingtothestory,ashepherdinEthiopianamedKaldinoticedonedaythatthesheepthathadeatentheredcherriesfromakindofplantsuddenlybecamehyperactive,jumpingonthemountain.Theshepherdtriedsomeofthemandsoonbecameoveractivelikehisherbs.Afterwards,hegavethemtothemonkstoeatandtheyfeltrefreshingaftereating.Finally,thefruitisusedasarefreshingmedicine.Thefruitistoday’scoffee.15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureAccordingtoArabmonksstory,thesnowChloemarrwasbanishedforacrimeforthereasonthathehadfalleninlovewiththeking’sdaughter.Duetodesperatestarvation,hepluckedthefruitfromanunknownplant,cookedthemandate.Aftereating,hebecamecomfortableandrefreshed.Therefore,hetookalotofthemarvelousfruitswithhimself.Ontheway,whenhemetsickpeople,hewouldgivethemthemarvelousfruits.Thankstohiskindness,thekingforgavehimandlethimreturnedhome.Thecuremedicinewascalledcoffee.Teaandcoffee,astwopopulardrinksintheeastandthewest,playanimportantroleinpeople’sdailylife.Withthedevelopmentofthesocietyandtheimprovementofpeople’slivingconditions,ChinaandAmericahaveformedteacultureandcoffeeculturewiththeirowncharacteristics.15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureChapterTwoSimilaritiesofChineseTeaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureAlthoughteaandcoffeehavedifferentoriginsandhistory,theysharesomesimilarities.Ontheonehand,theybothhavealonghistory.Withtheglobalizationofpolitics,economyandculture,teaappearsintheWesterncountriesandcoffeealsoappearsinChina.Ontheotherhand,teaandcoffeehavesomecommonfunctionssociallyandeconomically.2.1CultureswithaLongHistoryBothteaandcoffeehavealonghistoryandlegendarypast.Chineseteahasalonghistoryaboutfivethousandyearsandcoffeedatesbacktoonethousandyears.Theyhavebecometherepresentativesoftheeastandthewestrespectively.Asteaandcoffeespreadwidely,numerousteahousesandcoffeehousesemergecontinuously.Justascoffeehasbecomeanimportantpartofpeople’sdailylifeinthewest,teabecomesapartofpeople’sdailylifeinChina.2.2CommonSocialFunctionsTeaandcoffeearemorethandailydrinks.Eventhoughtheygrowindifferentplaces,theysharecommonsocialfunctions.Theirsocialfunctionisuniqueandenormous.Nowadays,moreandmorelikerelaxingthemselveswithfamilymembersandfriendsoveracupofcoffeeortea.Withthedevelopmentofthesocietyandtheimprovementofpeople’sliving,moreandmorepeoplegototeahousesorcoffeehousesforacupofteaorcoffeeinsteadofathometoenjoytherelaxingatmosphere.InChina,whenaguestoravisitorarriveshome,thehostusuallymakeacupteaforhimtoshowfriendlinessandrespect.Peoplearealwaysverymodest.Eventhoughtheyoffertheguestthebestteaathome,theywillsaytheyhavenogoodteatotreattheguests.Thentheywillchatwitheachotherastheydrinktea.Drinkingteacancultivatepeople’smorality,edifyappealandachievespiritualenjoyment.Therearesomespecialcaseswhereteaisprovidedandconsumed.Forexample,inordertoshowrespecttotheelders,theyoungergenerationwillofferacupoftea.Familymemberssometimesgettogetherinateahouseforafamilyreunionormeeting.What’smore,children’sservingteatotheirparentsisregardedasasignofregret,submissionandapology.Inaddition,inChinesetraditionalmarriageceremony,15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCulturethebrideandgroomkneelinfrontoftheirparentsandserveteatothemtoshowtheirgratitudeandrespect.Justliketea,coffeealsoplaysanimportantroleinthesociety.Coffeehousesserveascentersforsocialinteractionandplacesinwhichpeoplecanchat,relax,exchangeideasandenhancemutualunderstanding.Itconcentratesontherelaxationoflifeandthereceptionofguestsaswell.Livinginsuchafast-developingworld,peoplesometimesdesiretofindarelaxingenvironmenttoenjoydeliciousfoodandrefreshthemselves.Drinkingcoffeeisnotabadchoice.Takingasipofcoffeeandrecallingthepastistheshadowoflife.Inaword,bothteaandcoffeehasthefunctionofalleviatingthementalfatigueandrefreshingbodyandmind.Also,teaandcoffeeplayasignificantroleinpromotingfriendship,maintainingpersonalrelationship,activatinginspirationandrelaxingmind.2.3CommonEconomicFunctionsInthepastseveraldecades,Chineseteaindustryhasdevelopedrapidly.Theteaexportquantityamountrepeatedlybroketherecordinthepastconsecutiveyears.Thepriceoftearisesby6.66%yearbyyear.Teaisthewidelyconsumedbeverage,whichcanquenchtheirthirst,buildcharacterandcurediseases.Teacarriesforwardthetraditionalvirtuesofculturalandartisticshows,self-cultivationandpromotesnationalunity,economicperformanceandsocialprogressanddevelopmentoftrade.Traditionalvirtuesareaccumulatedoverthousandsofyearsbytheancientpeopleofthegoodmoralrespected,embodyingnationalspiritandsocialhabits.Traditionalteaculturemainlymanifestsselflessdedication,perseverance,humilitycourtesy,diligenceandthrift.Aprosperousdevelopmentoftheteaindustryisgoingon.Chinaistheonlyoneofthelargestteacountriesthatproducesallkindsofteaintheworld.TheeconomicvalueoftealiesinitsgreatcontributiontotheoveralleconomicdevelopmentofChina.Coffeeisalsooneofthemaineconomicgoodsintheworldtrade.Justbehindpetroleum,coffeeisthesecondmosttradedproductintheworldand7millionmetrictonsofcoffeehasbeenproducedannuallysince2010.Accordingtothestatistics,anAmericanworkerspendsabout20dollarsoncoffeeeveryweek.InspiteofthesloweconomicgrowthoftheUSA,thedemandforcoffeeisstillontheincreaseandcoffeestillholdsastableandpowerfulpositionintheconsumption.ChineseteaandAmericancoffeehavecreatedGDPtoChinaandAmerica15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCulturerespectively.Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,theimprovementoflivingconditionsandthechangeoflifestyle,thebusinessofteaandcoffeewillplayincreasinglypowerfulroleinboostingtheeconomy.15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureChapterThreeDifferencesofChineseTeaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureDespitethefactthatthereexistsomesimilaritiesbetweenChineseteaandAmericancoffee,theydifferdramaticallyfromeachotherintermsoforigin,efficacyanddrinkingart.3.1OriginandDevelopmentCultivatedindifferentplaces,teaandcoffeehavedistinctiveoriginsanddevelopments.Cultureisadelicatething,atfirstglancenothingberefined,butpenetrationinpeople'sdailylives,suchastea,suchascoffee.TheappearanceofteaissaidtobegininancientChinamorethan5,000yearsago.ShenNong,anemperordiscoveredtealeavesandinventedthedrinkingoftea.Asthestorygoes,ShenNongstoppedtohavearestonavisittoremoteplaceandhisservantswereboilingwatertosevertheemperorwhentheleavesfromthetreefellintothepot,makingabrowndrink.Outofcuriosity,theemperortriedtosipitandunexpectedlyfounditrefreshing.Later,itbecamethenationalwidedrinkofChina,calledtea.AstheChineseteaspreadswidely,itwasfirstlyintroducedtotheArabianandthenintheearlyseventeenthcentury,itwasexportedtoEurope,fromwhichitspreadtothewholeworldrapidly.Chinesetea,justlikeChinesesilkandchina,hasbecomethesymbolofChina.Theoriginofcoffeeisalsointriguingandinteresting.Accordingtothestoryofashepherd,heobservedthathissheepbecameoveractiveaftereatingtheredcherriesofacertainplantandthenhetriedsomebyhimselfandbecamehyperactivelikehisherb.Sincethen,coffeehasbeeninexistenceinpeople’sdailylife.AnotherlegendgoesthatanArabianwasbanishedtothedesertandheandhisfollowersboiledandatethefruitfromtheunknownplantduetostarvation.Theunknownfruitsavedthem.Thefruitistoday’scoffee.CoffeebeanswasfirstdiscoveredinEthiopiaasakindoffoodratherthanadrink.LateritwasbroughttotheMiddleEastandwasspreadtoEgypt,Turkey,Yemen,PersiaandNorthAfricainthe15thcentury.AndthencoffeewasmuchpopularizedbytheBritishIndiaTradeCompanyinEngland,fromwhichtimecoffeehasspreadacrossEuropeandAmerica.ChineseteaandAmericancoffeehavedifferentoriginsanddevelopingroadsand15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureeventuallyformdifferentculturesandcustoms.3.2EfficacyAspopularbeverages,ChineseteaandAmericancoffeenotonlycanrelaxpeoplebutalsotheyhaveuniqueefficacy.Peoplebelievethatteaisahealthydrinkandadrinkofthesoul.Astoefficacy,teaworkseffectivelyagainstcanceraccordingtoscientificstudies.Itisscientificallyconfirmedthatteacontainsagreatdealofbiochemicalingredientswhicharebeneficialtopeople’shealth.Notonlycanteacultivatetasteandrefreshthespirit.,butalsocuresomecommondiseases,suchascancer.Additionally,teahelpstofightagainstharmfulbacteriaandvirus,promotebloodcirculationandimprovethefunctionofthedigestivesystem.Itisobviousthatteahavemanypharmacologicaleffectsthatareirreplaceablebyotherdrinks.Asforcoffee,itisfoundoutthatcoffeecaneffectivelypreventtherecurrenceofgout.ContainingvitaminB,coffeeisgoodfortheskin.Anditcanholdpeopleinhighspiritandremovefatigueeffectively.However,drinkingtoomuchcoffeewillmakepeopleoverexcitedandcauseanxietyandsleepdisorder.Teaandcoffeeenrichpeople’slifeandcontributetotheirbody.Generallyspeaking,itisbettertodrinkteathandrinkcoffeebecausecoffeecontainstoomuchcaffeine,whichwillontheonehandhelppeoplekeepaclearheadandrefreshthemandontheotherhandstimulatepeople’snervesandmakethemsleepless,causinghealthrisk.3.3DrinkingArtDrinkingteaandcoffeeismorethantoquenchthirst.Itisalsoakindofart,akindofspiritenjoyment.Thedrinkingartofteaandcoffeeincludesthemethodsofpreparing,theequipmentusedtoboilthemandthewaytodrink.Thedrinkingartofteaiscomplicatedandparticular.Itisacomplexprocedurefromthegrowthofteatothetimeteaisenjoyedbypeople.Thefollowingfourelementsinregardtoteaartshouldbepaidmuchattentionto.(1)Theartoftealeaves:Thequalityofteaislargelydeterminedbythequalityofthepreparedtealeaves.Chinesepeoplethoughtofmanygoodwaystopreservetealeavessoastokeeptheoriginalflavoroftea.(2)Theartofteasets:Thetoolofmakingteaandtheutensilofdrinkingteaarecalledteasets.Teasetscameintobeingintheslavesocietyandbegantochangefrom15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureMingDynasty.Theshape,colorandstyleofteasetshaveexperiencedaseriesofchanges.Thechangesinthestylesandpatternsofteasetsshowthedevelopmentofteaculture(1)Theartofwater:Wateristheforemostelementformakinggoodtea.Freshandclearwateristheprimarychoice.Thetemperatureofwaterisalsoverycrucial.Theoptimaltemperatureofwatershouldbecontrolledbetween80。Cand90。C.Otherwise,thenutritionalvalueofteawillbereduced.(2)Theartofmakingtea:Theteamakingprocessconsistsoffourstages:fryingtea,cookingtea,brewingteaandmakingtea.Inmakingtea,peoplehavetoobeysomerules.Selectingtealeaves,cleaningteasets,brewingtea,servingtea,tastingteaandaddingwaterareallobligatorysteps.Normally,thelevelofthewatershouldbethree-fourthsofthewholecupandthewatertemperaturemustbeappropriate.(3)Theartofdrinkingtea:Goodteaplacesgreatemphasisoncolor,smellandflavor.Indrinkingtea,Chinesepeoplelikesavoringteatodistinguishgoodteafromordinaryandenjoythedelightindrinkingtea.Therearesomeprocedurestofollowindrinkingtea,justasasayinggoes“itisbitterforthefirsttime,sweetforthesecondtimeandthethirdtimeistheaftertaste”.Thechoicesfortheplacestodrinkteaarealsospecial.Peopletendtofindacomfortable,neat,peacefulandrefreshinglocationforacupoftea.ChineseteacultureisacombinationofConfucianism,BuddhismandTaoism.Teamakespeoplecalminmind,cultivatessentiment,removesfatigueandstrengthensbodies.Chineseteacultureisalsoacombinationofmaterialcultureandspiritualculture.Theartofdrinkingcoffeeisasrichasthatofdrinkingtea.Smallcupsareoftenusedtodrinkcoffee.Thecorrectwayofholdingcoffeecupsisusingthumbsandforefingerstoholdtheearofthecupandraiseitup.Ifpeopleneedsomesugar,theywillusethecoffeespoontoputthesugarin.Thecupsanddishesforcoffeeshouldbeplacedontherightorinfrontofpeople.Whiledrinkingcoffee,peopleusuallyholdthecupbytherighthandandusethelefthandtoholdthecoffeedisc,movingcoffeetothemouthandenjoyingit.Itisconsideredimpolitetomakeasoundwhiledrinkingcoffeeortakethecoffeecupoffthecoffeedish.Theamountofcoffeeisstrict.Peopleshouldn’tdrinkthreeorfourcupscontinuouslylikedrinkingotherbeverages.Anormalcupofcoffeeisjustright.Ifpeoplewanttodrinkmore,theycanaddsomemilkorhotwater.Itisnecessaryto15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCulturedrinkcoffeewhileitisstillhot.Thewatertemperatureiscrucialformakinggoodcoffee.Theappropriatetemperatureshouldbe95。C.Ifthetemperatureistoolow,thecoffeetastecannotbecompletelyreleased.Ifthethetemperatureistoohigh,thenutritionalingredientsofcoffeewilllose.Tosummarize,teaisadrinkwhichrequiressometimetoprepareandtaste.AtthesametimeCoffeeandteacontainstheaffection;teaitselfcontainstheChinesepeople'sfeelingsofothers.Theteacultureisslow,calmandpeaceful.Incontrast,thecoffeecultureisfastandfrantic.Drinkingteacanmakepeoplecalm,relaxedandrefreshed.Thetasteofcoffeeismellowandrichinfragrance,alongwithitsuniquebittertaste.15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureChapterFourCausesofSimilaritiesandDifferencesBetweenChineseTeaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureSimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeecultureresultfromgeographic,cultural,historicalandphilosophicinfluences.4.1GeographicandCulturalReasonsInancienttimes,becauseofthepoortransportation,itishardandevenimpossibleforthepeopletocommunicatewithpeopleinothercountries.Peopleindifferentcountrieslearntsolittlefromeachotherthattheycreatedandformedtheirownlivinghabits,includingdietculture.Duetothegradualfrequentculturalexchanges,teaalsoappearedinAmericanlifeandcoffeebecomesadailybeverageofChinesepeople.ThedifferencebetweenChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeeculturereflecttheculturaldifferences.WesternerslikeaneasylifeandChinesepeoplearewillingtoconferanythingcertainmeaningandsignificance.Cultureisadelicatething,penetratinginpeople'sdailylives,suchasteaandcoffee.AsarepresentativeofChineseteaculture,teacarriescolorfulChinesecultureforthousandsofyearsandalsohastheirownteaculture.ChineseteaculturemanifestsChinesepeople’simplicitlytactfulwayofcommunication.Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,China'steacultureisinevitablyaffectedbytheimpactandchallengesofwesterncoffeeculture.LocatedineasternAsia,Chinaissurroundedbyseasintheeastandsouthandbycontinentsinthewestandnorth.OriginatedintheYellowRiverbasin,ChinesecivilizationmaintainedstabilityandhistoricalcontinuityduetothegeographicalenvironmentsecludingChinafromtheoutsideworld.TheuniqueculturaltraditionandsocialmentalityareattributabletotheuniquenaturalenvironmentofChina.Confucianethics,borninanenclosedcontinentalnaturalenvironment,madetheChinesepeoplehaveconservativemindsandbehaviors.Theirawarenessofopenness,riskcompetitionandprogressispoor.Incontrast,thewesternpeoplehavestrongsenseofcompetitionandkeendesireofprogress.Upholdingindividualityandfreedom,thewesternersaremoreopenandlessanxiousthanChinesepeople.Becauseofculturalorientation,Chinesepeopleareparticularabouttheteapot,cups,waterandtheenvironmentwhiledrinkingtea.Theyliketochoosesomemeaningfulandprofoundtopicstotalkaboutoveracupoftea,fortheythinkdrinkingteaisan15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureelegantbehavior.ThewesterncultureoriginatedinAncientGreeceandRome,allpartsofwhichfacethesea.Well-developedmaritimetransportationandthrivingmaritimetradeformanopensociety.Thefrequentinterpersonalexchangesformedpeople’sopennessandtheirculturalcharacters.Thewesternersadvocatehardwork,self-improvement,andentrepreneurship.Theuniqueculturaltraditioninthewestdevelopsthewesterners’extrovertivepersonality.Thus,whiledrinkingcoffee,thewesternpeopleliketodrinkfastandtheypaylessattentiontothepot,cupsandenvironmentthanChinesepeople.Theyonlywanttorelaxthemselvesandenjoythedelightofdrinkingcoffee.4.2HistoricalandPhilosophicReasonsAncientChinadependedonagricultureforalongtime.Chinesepeoplerespectedandreliedheavilyonnature,forthetraditionalphilosophywasbasedontheagriculturalcivilization.Itisbelievedthatmanisapartofnatureandpeoplemustfollowthelawofnature.Manandnaturemustbeinharmonywitheachother.Ancientpeoplebelievedthatonlyinthiswaytheycouldstayhealthyandliveagoodlife.Teacomesfromnature.Therefore,whiledrinkingtea,peopleemphasizestheharmonyofhumanandnature.CoffeeculturewasoriginatedintheEuropeancontinents.Inancienttimes,somecountriesareconquered.Peopleintheconqueredcountriesbelievedthatonlyfightcouldholdontotheirlivinglandsandbecametheruler.Westernpeopleplacemoreemphasisonindividualismandself-relianceandworkhardtogetwhattheywant.Sowhiledrinkingcoffee,westernpeoplearelessparticularabouttheprocessthanChinesepeople.Theyjustenjoytheleisuretimeandthedelightindrinkingcoffeeinafastway.15 AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureChapterFiveConclusionAstherepresentativesofChinesecultureandAmericanculture,studyingandknowingmoreaboutChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeecultureisessentialforinterculturalcommunicationbetweentheeastandthewest.AsthefruitofChinesehistory,ChineseteacultureisnotonlyChinesepeople’swisdombutalsoapartoftheworldnon-materialculturalheritage.ChineseteaculturewillpromotethedevelopmentofChinesecultureandtheworldculture.Likewise,withitsdistinctiveculture,Americancoffeewillalsomakeoutstandingcontributionstothedevelopmentoftheworldculture.Withthedevelopmentofglobalizationandinterculturalcommunication,culturesofdifferentcountriesintegratewithandinfluenceeachotherconstantlyinvariousways,includingChineseteacultureandAmericancoffeeculture.CoffeewillbecomeincreasinglypopularintheUSAandatthesametimemoreandmoreAmericanswillenjoydrinkingChinesetea.CoffeehousescanbeeasilyfoundeverywhereinChinaandteahouseswillspreadeverycornerofAmerica.Teahousesandcoffeehousesarenotonlyplacesfordrinkingandenjoymentbutrepresentativesofculture.Inthefuture,ChineseteaandAmericancoffeewillcertainlyplayamoreandmoreimportantpartinmanyaspects,includingthedevelopmentofculture,economicdevelopmentandthepromotionofinterculturalcommunication.15 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AComparativeStudyonChineseteaCultureandAmericanCoffeeCultureAknowledgementsIwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhohavehelpedmeduringthewritingofmythesis.Withoutthem,thecompletionofthisthesiswouldbeimpossible.Firstly,mydeepestgratitudegoestoMrLiu,mysupervisor,forhisconstantencouragementandguidance.He/Shegavememanyinsightfulandusefulsuggestionsthroughallthestagesofthewritingofthispaper.Secondly,Ifeelgratefultotheprofessorsandteacherswhoonceofferedmevaluablecoursesandadviceduringthewritingofthisthesis.Lastly,mythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomehelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthepaper.15