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1、主从复合句主句是主体,从句只是句子的一个成分,换言之,将句子(除谓语外)的各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。关联词分五类:疑问代词:who(whom/whose),which,what,关系代词:who(whom/whose),which,that,疑问副词:when,where,why,how关系副词:when,where,why从属连词:that(无词义),whether,if,although,afterbecause,before,when,since,assoonas,aslongas只有从属连词没有句
2、子功用,即不担任句子成分。从句分为五类:主语从句宾语从句表语从句前三项都是名词性从句,句中作用如同名词。一般都不用逗号,所用关联词相同:1,连词that/whether/if2,疑问代词who/what/which3,疑问副词when/where/how/why(引导间接疑问句)定语从句状语从句记住一个句子学会一种句法现象。一.主语从句subjectclause,也可分为三种:that引导的主从/由连接代副词引导的主从/what和whoever等引导的主从。1由that引导的主从,用得最多。(that后面是
3、主语)“Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.”她成为画家可能是受其父亲的影响。上面句子看着别扭陌生,换成it引导的句子就熟悉了,因为一般除强调外都后置而由it代替,有五种形式:(1)It+be+adj+that、、、Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.(2)It+be+noun+that、、、It’sawonderthatyouarestillalive.(3)It+verb(
4、+object(宾语)oradverbial(副词))+that、、、Itseemsthatyou’reright.Itstruckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan.我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划。Itneveroccurredtomethatperhapsshewaslying.我从未想到或许她是在说谎(4)It+beverb-ed+that、、、Itwasrumored(Itissaid)thatyouwassufferingfromastoneinthekidney.谣传说/据
5、说你得了肾结石。(5)It+verbbe+that、、、No,no,itcouldn’tbethattheywereinterestedinhim.不,不,他们不可能对他有兴趣。口语中that可以省略:Itwasclear(that)hiswordspleasedher.显然他的话使她高兴。2由连接代/副词引导的主从Whenhe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.Whoistobesenttherehasn’tbeendecided.It’sclearenoughwhathem
6、eant.两种结构都能用,但是it结构更多,有四种形式。10it+be+adj+clauseItwasnotcleartomewhyhebehavedlikethat.我不太清楚他为什么会这样做。it+be+noun+clauseIt’sapuzzlehowlifebegan.生命如何开始是一个谜it+verb(+objectoradverbial)+clauseItdoesn’tmattermuchwhereIlive.我住在哪里都没多大关系。it+beverb-ed+clauseItisnotyetse
7、ttledwhetherIamgoingtoAmerican.3由what/whatever/whoever引导的主从Whatwillbe,willbe.该发生的事总会发生。红色为从句Whatisoverisover.过去的事就过去了。Whatevermydaddidwasright.俺爹做的都是对的。Whatevershesaysgoes.一切她说了算。Whoevercomeswillbewelcomed.谁来都欢迎Whicheveryouwantisyours.你要哪个,哪个就归你。二.宾语从句obje
8、ctclause.1由that引导到宾从,有时that可省略Isuspectedthatitwasatricktogetourmoney.我怀疑这是一个骗我们钱的圈套Whocanguaranteethathe’llkeephisword?谁能保证他会遵守诺言?Youcandependuponit,Ishallbethere.先行宾语(现行宾语中间要有逗号)你放心,我会去那里的。Itakeittheyhavelef