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1、山东建筑大学毕业论文外文文献及译文外文文献： Arsenicintheenvironment:BiologyandChemistryAbstract：Arsenic(As)distributionandtoxicologyintheenvironmentisaseriousissue,withmillionsofindividualsworldwidebeingaffectedbyAstoxicosis.SourcesofAscontaminationarebothnaturalandanthropogenicandthescaleofcontaminationrangesfromlocal
2、toregional.TherearemanyareasofresearchthatarebeingactivelypursuedtoaddresstheAscontaminationproblem.TheseincludenewmethodsofscreeningforAsinthefield,determiningtheepidemiologyofAsinhumans,andidentifyingtheriskofAsuptakeinagriculture.RemediationofAs-affectedwatersuppliesisimportantandresearchinclude
3、sassessingnaturalremediationpotentialaswellasphytoremediation.AnotherareaofactiveresearchisonthemicrobiallymediatedbiogeochemicalinteractionsofAsintheenvironment.In2005,aconferencewasconvenedtobringtogetherscientistsinvolvedinmanyofthedifferentareasofAsresearch.Inthispaper,wepresentasynthesisoftheA
4、sissuesinthelightoflong-standingresearchandwithregardstothenewfindingspresentedatthisconference.ThiscontributionprovidesabackdroptotheissuesraisedattheconferencetogetherwithanoverviewofcontemporaryandhistoricalissuesofAscontaminationandhealthimpacts.CrownCopyright.2007PublishedbyElsevierB.V.Allrigh
5、tsreserved.1.Introduction1.1.LocationandscaleofproblemArsenic(As)hasbeendetectedingroundwaterinseveralcountriesoftheworld,withconcentrationlevelsexceedingtheWHOdrinkingwaterguidelinevalueof10μg/L(WHO,2001)aswellasthenationalregulatorystandards(e.g.50μg/LinIndiaandBangladesh,Ahmedetal.,2004;Mukherje
6、eetal.,2006).Arsenicingroundwaterisoftenassociatedwithgeologicsources,butinsomelocationsanthropogenicinputscanbeextremelyimportant.IngestionofgeogenicAsfromgroundwatersourcesismanifestedaschronichealthdisordersinmostoftheaffectedregionsoftheworld(BGS&DPHE,2001;Bhattacharyaetal.,2002a,b;SmedleyandKi
7、nniburgh,2002;WelchandStollenwerk,2003;Bundschuhetal.,2005;Naiduetal.,2006).InAsia,theimpactofAstoxicityisparticularlyalarming.Forexample,intheBengalBasinofBangladeshandWestBengal,India(Bhattacharyaetal.,19
