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1、外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：LiJ,HeapAD.EnvironmentalModelling&Software[J].EcologicalInformatics,2011,6(5):228-241.英文原文EnvironmentalModelling&SoftwareJLi ， ADHeap1.IntroductionOverthelastdecadestheamountofgeospatialdatahasgrownrapidlyasaresultofthenumberofsatellitesandtheuseofGlobalPositioning
2、Systems(GPS).Toassistintheanalysisandvisualizationofallthisdata,severalgeographicinformationsystems(GISs)andWebGISsiteshavebeendeveloped(SteinigerandHunter,2012).SomeoftheWebGISsitessharecommonfunctionalities,suchasaccesstorawdataortheabilitytooverlapdifferentlayers(Kulawiaketal.,2010;Kar
3、nataketal.,2012;NairandKatiyar,2011).WebGISsitesthatdisplayenvironmentaldata,likethePacificIslandsOceanObservingSystem(Voyager)ortheWebGISsitesdevelopedbytheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency,haveanevenlargersetofcommonfeatures,suchastheabilitytoidentifylayerdataatanycoordinate,andthecapabilitytop
4、lotdatainrealtime.However,tothebestofourknowledge,anyopensourceprogramthatautomaticallygeneratesWebGISsiteswithaminimumsetoffeaturesthatallowefficientpublicationof4Dgeospatialdata.AcommonprocedureforpublishinggeoreferenceddataonaWebGISsiteincludesthefollowingsteps.First,generatethedatatob
5、epublished.Then,uploadthedataintoamapserversuchasMapServer(Kropla,2005),GeoServer(Deoliveira,2008),ArcMapServer,ncWMS(Bloweretal.,2013),etc.Finally,withagroupofprogrammersandwebdesigners,buildthewebinterface(theWebGISsite)todisplaythedatafortheuser.Thisinterfaceprovidesseveralwaystovisual
6、izeandservedata,and,evenwhenmostWebGISsitesdonothavedirectaccesstothedata,theynormallyobtainthedatathroughmapsevers.Thesoftwaredescribedinthispapergreatlysimplifiesthefinalstep,buildingWebGISsites,thusreducingthetimeandcostsforpublishinggeospatialdataontheweb.FreeandOpenSourceSoftware(FOS
7、S)thathelpsbuildingWebGISsitesalreadyexists.Fig.1,adaptedfromSteinigerandHunter(2013),showstheFOSSGISsoftwarethatisavailabletoaidpublishinggeographicdataonthewebatanyofthepreviouslydiscussedsteps.ThesoftwareintheDesktopGIScategoryareprogramsthatrunonpersonalcomputer
